美国文学教案

1研究型美国文学教案教师：范革新HistoryofAmericanLiteratureFromWashingtonIrvingtoMarkTwainI.WritingsbeforetheRomanticismQuestionstoponder:1.Whatarethemainfeaturesofthewritingsbeforetheromanticism?2.WhatisPuritanism?AndhowdiditinfluenceAmericanliterature?3.WhatwasthemissionofthePuritansettlers?4.Howdidthesocialandpoliticaleventsencouragethegrowthofthenewnation?ImportantSocialandHistoricalEvents1．JamestownColony(1607)intheSouthThefirstsettlersfromtheVirginiaCompany,cametotheNewWorldformercantilepurposes.2．Plymouth(1620)intheNorth●他们双膝跪下，感激上帝带他们越过了浩瀚汹涌的大洋，把他们从危险和苦难中解救出来，使他们安全无恙地又一次踏上了坚实的大地……---威廉·布雷德福总督，1620，11●Althoughwehaveourdifferences,weareallGod’schildrenandassuchwebebutspecksinthevastnessofthisocean,butpreciousuntoourLordandtogetherwearevoyagers,pilgrims,andlooktoThineinfinitemercyandprovidence.----WilliamBradford,ontheMayflower●我要讴歌基督教创造的奇迹。为逃避欧洲的腐败堕落，他们来到美洲的海滩；……感谢上帝的庇佑，把印第安人的荒芜之地变得辉煌灿烂。---科顿·马瑟3.MassachusettsBay(1630)●我们将成为整个世界的山巅之城(acitysetuponahill)，全世界人民的眼睛都将看着我们。如果我们在实现这一事业的过程中欺骗了上帝，如果上帝不再像今天那样帮助我们，那么我们终将成为世人的笑柄。---约翰·温思罗普●Theyestablishedagovernment,withtownmeetings,popularelections,andofficialpolicies,andalsoHarvardCollegein1636.2EarlyWriters1.AnneBradstreet(1617-1672)安妮·布拉兹特里特AnneBradstreetwasthefirstAmericanpoet.ShecametoAmericawithherhusbandwhenshewas18,settlingintheMassachusettsBayColony.Thoughamotherof8children,shemanagedtowritepoems.HerfirstvolumeofpoetrywaspublishedinLondon,entitledTheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica(1650)《第十位诗神》.2.JonathanEdwards(1702-1758)乔纳森·爱德华兹JonathanEdwardswasatalentandagreatthinker,wholearnedLatinat6,andbeganhisreligiouseducationat7,partlyinfluencedbyhisfather,apowerfulminister.HewasnotverystronginacceptingPuritanideas,butafterhisseriousillness,beforegraduatingfromYaleCollege,heturnedtowardGod.JonathanEdwardswasafamilymanandaverygoodministeraswell,with11childrenand20yearsofchurchservice.HewasrememberedforhiscontributionstoTheGreatAwakening,whichlastedfornearlytenyearsinNewEngland.Hisrepresentativeworks:1.SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGod(1741)《罪人在愤怒的上帝手中》2.FreedomofWill(1754)《意志自由》3.TheNatureofTrueVirtue《真正美德的本质》4.ConcerningtheEndforWhichGodCreatedtheWorld《论上帝创造世界的目的》3.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)本杰明·富兰克林●Iftobeveneratedforbenevolence,iftobeadmiredfortalents,iftobeesteemedforpatriotism,iftobebelovedforphilanthropy,cangratifythehumanmind,youmusthavethepleasingconsolationtoknowthatyouhavenotlivedinvain.AndIflattermyselfthatitwillnotberankedamongtheleastgratefuloccurrencesofyourlifetobeassuredthatsolongasIretainmymemory,youwillbethoughtonwithrespect,veneration,andaffectionbyyoursincerefriend.[GeorgeWashingtoninalettertoBenjaminFranklin,Sept23,1789][如果说为善行而受到崇敬，为才能而受到钦佩，为爱国而受到尊重，为仁慈而受到爱戴，能使人心得到满足的话，那么，您必定会欣慰地感到，您的一生没有虚度。同时，我认为，您可将这样一个信念当作您一生最大的快乐之一：只要我的记忆尚存，您将永远被您真诚的朋友尊重、敬仰和爱戴的心情所怀念。]●ThebodyofBenjaminFranklin,Printer(likethecoverofanoldbook,itscontentstornoutandstrippedofitsletteringandgilding),lieshere,foodforworms,buttheworkshallnotbelost,foritwill(ashebelieved)appearoncemoreinanewandmoreelegantedition,revisedandcorrectedbyAuthor.EpitaphonHimself(composedin1728)●Printer,philosopher,scientist,authorandpatriot,impeccablehusbandand3citizen,whyisn’theanarchetype?Pioneers,OhPioneers!BenjaminwasoneofthegreatestpioneersoftheUnitedStates.[D.H.Lawrence,StudiesinClassicAmericanLiterature]4.ThomasJefferson（1743-1826）托马斯·杰斐逊ThethirdAmericanpresident,Jeffersonwasapresidentwithmanytalents,showingagreatinterestinart,gardening,architecture,andliterature.HewasthefatherofTheDeclarationofIndependence,VirginiaUniversity,andAmericanDemocraticParty.“我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。”SocialandHistoricalBackgroundYearEvents18001800Census:Populationabout5.3millionpeopleTheLibraryofCongresswasestablished.ThomasJeffersonwaschosenaspresident.1802July4,UnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyopenedatWestPoint,N.Y.,andamongitscadetswouldbeUlyssesGrant,RobertE.Lee,andEdgarAllanPoe[艾德加·爱伦·坡].1803May,Louisianapurchase($15million)doubledthelandareasoftheUnitedStates.August31,LewisandClarkexpeditionsetoutdowntheOhioRiver,andtheywouldcompletea3-yearjourneytotheWestCoast.1804Jeffersonwonasecondtermaspresident,withGeorgeClintonasvicepresident.1805May,membersoftheLewisandClarkexpeditionsawtheRockyMountains,andinNovember,theysawthePacificOcean.1806NoahWebsterissuedhisCompendiousDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.TheCumberlandRoadwasbuilttofacilitatewesternsettlement.1807WashingtonIrving[华盛顿·欧文],hisbrotherWilliam,andJamesKirkePauldingstartedananonymoussatiricalmagazine,Salmagundi《杂拌》.1809WashingtonIrving,HistoryofNewYork《纽约外史》1810Thirdnationalcensusrecorded7,239,881peopleJohnJacobAstorfoundedthePacificFurCompany.1812StateofLouisianaenteredtheunion.1814August24-25,BritishforcesinvadedWashingtonandsetfiretotheCapitol,theWhiteHouseandotherbuildings.1815TheNorthAmericanReview(1815-1939)1816InPhiladelphia,AfricanAmericansestablishedthefirstAfrican4MethodistChurch.Indianawasadmittedtotheunionasafreestate.1817JamesMonroeinauguratedasfifthpresidentoftheU.S.WilliamCullenBryant[威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特],Thanatopsis《死亡的冥想》1818Congresslimited