美国文学欣赏Washington_Irving

WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)“RipVanWinkle”（《瑞普·凡·温克尔》)WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)I.PositioninAmericanliteratureII.LifeIII.WorksIV.LiteraryAchievementsV.StyleVI.ContributionsI.PositioninAmericanliteratureFatherofAmericanliterature1.thefirstAmerican(true)literarywriter2.thefirstAmericanmanofletters3.America’sfirstgenuineinternationallybest-sellingauthor4.thefirstbelletristinAmericanliterature,writingforpleasureatatimewhenwritingwaspracticalandforusefulpurposes-------------------------------------------------------------------------belletristn.纯文学作者5.thefirstAmericanwritertoearnhislivingsolelybyhispen6.thefirstAmericanliteraryhumorist7.thefirstmodernshortstorywriter8.thefirsttowritehistoryandbiographyasentertainment9.HisuseofthegothiclooksforwardtoPoe.10.themessengersentfromthenewworldtotheoldworld11.“theAmericanGoldsmith”MarkTwainalsoiscalledtheFatherofAmericanLiteraturethetrueFatherofAmericanLiteratureII.lifeandliterarycareerBorn:3April1783Birthplace:NewYork,NewYorkDied:28November1859namedforGeorgeWashington;hisparentswereadmirersofGeneralWashington.Irvingwasbornin1783,theyearinwhichBenjaminFranklinsignedatParisthetreatyofpeacewithEnglandaftertheRevolutionaryWar.Irving'smotherwasborninEnglandstudiedlawamusedhimselfbywritingforperiodicalsFrom1804to1806hisolderbrothersfinancedhistourofFranceandItaly.UnderthepseudonymDiedrichKnickerbocker,hepublishedAHistoryofNewYork(1809),asatirethathasbeencalledthefirstgreatbookofcomicliteraturewrittenbyanAmerican.In1820,IrvingpublishedTheSketchBookunderthepseudonymGeoffreyCrayon.ThehitbookmadeIrvingthefirstAmericanauthortogainrealfameinEurope.Thestories(including“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”)appearedseriallyin1819–20.TheirenthusiasticreceptionmadeIrvingthebest-knownfigureinAmericanliteraturebothathomeandabroad.Insearchofcolorfulmaterial,hemadeajourneytothefrontierandwroteabouttheAmericanWestinATourofthePrairies(《大草原游记》,1835).Latelife:acolossal5-volumebiographyofGeorgeWashingtonabiographyofChristopherColumbusisstillconsideredaclassic.Irving’sgraveIII.MajorWorks(1809:AHistoryofNewYork《纽约外史》1820:TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.《见闻札记》Twofolktales:“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”(《睡谷传奇》)1822:BracebridgeHall《布雷斯勃列奇庄园》1824:TalesofaTraveller《游客谈》1835:ATourofthePrairies《大草原游记》Stylegraceful,refined,fluentanddignifiedsentimental,romanticIV.CommentThefirstAmericanauthortowininternationalrecognitionThefirstprosestylistofAmericanromanticismInhisSketchBookappearedthefirstmodernAmericanshortstories.HisessaysaremodelsofperfectEnglish.Irvingcreatedhumorbythewayhesaidthings:1)Hedelightedinmakingironicremarkswhichsayjusttheoppositeofwhathemeant.2)Heuseddignifiedwordstoproduceahalf-mockingeffect.3)Hewasalsofondofexaggeratingtheseriousnessofsituations.Henotonlyprovidedayoungnationwithhumorous,fictionalaccountsofthecolonialpastbutalsohelpedcreateanAmericanmythologywhichismadeupofstoriesabouttheAmericanpastsowidelyreadastobefamiliartonearlyeveryAmerican.shortstoryaprosenarrativethatisbriefinnaturealsohasmanyofthesamecharacteristicsofanovelincludingcharacters,settingandplot.However,duetolengthconstraints,thesecharacteristicsanddevicesgenerallymaynotbeasfullydevelopedorascomplexasthosedevelopedforafull-lengthnovel.Theshortstoryusuallydealswithasingleepisodeandoftenasinglecharacter.Theshortstoryfrequentlyalsolacksdenouement(n.结局),endinginsteadatitsclimax.manyauthorswellknownforitincludingEdgarAllanPoe,埃德加·爱伦·坡OHenry,欧·亨利ErnestHemingway,海明威Poefirsttheorizedonthestructureandpurposeoftheshortstory.RipVanWinkle2.“RipVanWinkle”(1)introduction(2)RipVanWinkle:theprotagonist(3)Theplot(1)introductionsimilartoa3rd-centuryChinesetaleofRankaretoldinLionelGilesinAGalleryofChineseImmortalspartofacollectionentitledTheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayonThestoryissetintheyearsbeforeandaftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.(2)RipVanWinkle:theprotagonistavillagerofDutchdescentlivesinanicevillageatthefootofNewYork'sCatskillMountainsanamiablemanwhosehomeandfarmsufferfromhislazyneglectheislovedbyallbuthiswife(3)TheplotOneautumndayheescapeshisnaggingwifebywanderingupthemountains.Thereheencountersstrangelydressedmen,rumoredtobetheghostsofHenryHudson'screw,whoareplayingnine-pins.Afterdrinkingsomeoftheirliquor,hesettlesdownunderashadytreeandfallsasleep.Hewakesandreturnstohisvillage,wherehefindstwentyyearshavepassed.Hefindsoutthathiswifehasdiedandthathisclosefriendshavediedinawarorgonesomewhereelse.HeimmediatelygetsintotroublewhenheproclaimshimselfaloyalsubjectofKingGeorgeIII,notknowingthattheAmericanRevolutionhastakenplace.Anoldlocalrecognizeshim,however,andRip'snowgrowndaughtertakeshimin.Ripresumeshishabitualidleness,andhistaleissolemnlybelievedbytheoldDutchsettlers,withcertainhen-peckedhusbandswishingtheysharedRip'sgoodluck.VI.TopicsforDiscussion1.ComparethedifferentsituationsinthevillageforRipVanWinklebeforeandafterhis20-yearsleep.1)changesinhisfamilyhisdaughtergrewupandmarried;hiswifedied;hisdognolongerrecognizedhim.2)changesinthevill