动词过去分词作定语和表语

GrammarPastParticipleUsedasAttributeandPredicativeTaskoneLookatthefollowingstoryandfindtheusageofpastparticiple(“-ed”)StoryAboycalledTomwenttothecinemaonenight.Itwasahorrorfilm,buthewasinterestedinit.Sometimeshefeltexcited,sometimeshefeltfrightened.Afterthefilm,thetiredboycamebackhome.Oncehome,theexhaustedboy…Keypoints“-ed”canbeusedas________andbeputbeforeorafterthenounthatitmodifies.eg.tired/exhausted/excitedboyaboycalledTom“–ed”canalsobeputafterthelink-verbs(be,feel,become,get,seem…)andusedas__________.eg.beinterestedinfeelexcited/frightenedattributepredicativeTasktwoCanyoufindoutthepositionof“–ed”usedasattributefromtheseexamples?injuredfingers一个受伤的手指afingerinjuredintheaccidentspokenEnglish英语口语alanguagespokenbymanypeoplewrittenexercises书面练习abookwrittenbyLuXunKeypointsSingle“-ed”wordisusuallyused______thenounitmodifies.单个过去分词做定语常放在它所修饰的名词之前。“-ed”phraseisusuallyused______thenounitmodifies.过去分词短语作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之后。afterbeforeTaskthreePleasefindmoreexamplesinthereadingpassageofeachusage.AttributeSomanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied……soontheaffectedpersondied.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet……thatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.…helpordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.PredicativeButhebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.过去分词作定语和表语总结一、过去分词作定语1.单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语(preposedattribute)。eg.terrifiedpeople受到惊吓的人们pollutedwater被污染的水acloseddoor关闭的门注意：⑴-ed作前置定语时，有时只有被动意义。eg.spokenEnglish英语口语writtenexercises书面练习一、过去分词作定语⑵少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词做前置定语时只有完成的意义fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳thedevelopedcountries发达国家areturnedstudent一名留学生aretiredteacher一名退休教师一、过去分词作定语2.过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成意义。eg.①ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。②We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。③Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywater.他发现它来自被脏水污染的河里。一、过去分词作定语3.过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省略式的定语从句。e.g①Thebooks,(whichwere)writtenbyLuXun,wereverypopular.②Thebridge,(whichwas)builtin1999,isverybeautiful.现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别现在分词表示主动，正在进行。过去分词表示被动，表示状态或完成。boilingwater正在烧(煮沸)的水boiledwater已煮沸的水developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家fallingleaves落叶(正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(已经完成)现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别Theboykillingthedogisherbrother.正在宰杀这条狗的男孩是她的哥哥。Theboykilledbythemanisherbrother.被这个男人杀害的男孩是她的哥哥。考题练练看1.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying解析：Afirstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。考题练练看2.Mostoftheartists________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited解析：A考查过去分词作后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系。考题练练看3.Idon'tknowthegirl________inthesnowstorm.A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching解析：B我不认识这个被困在暴风雨中的女孩。所以应用过去分词作后置定语。二、过去分词作表语1.过去分词作表语，表示主语的感受或所处的状态。Nowonderhewassoexcited.可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：delighted,disappointed,upset,astonished,excited,frightened,interested,puzzled,exhausted,satisfied,inspired,surprised,pleased二、过去分词作表语2.许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：broken,disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。⊿过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别-ed作表语主要表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个形容词；被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.★过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别-ing表主动与进行，常用于表示事物的性质，汉语常翻译为“(某事/物)使人…,令人…”；-ed含有被动的意思，经常用于说明人的感觉，汉语常译为“(某人)感到…”。eg.Whathesaidwasencouraging.Wewereencouragedatwhathesaid.-ed作表语与-ing作表语的区别此类词常见的有：surprising,surprised;exciting,excited;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;satisfying,satisfied;inspiring,inspired;pleasing,pleased;tiring,tired;boring,bored.考题练练看1.Mr.Smith,________ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring解析：A。第一空应填tired，来源于系表结构betiredof；第二空表令人感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。考题练练看2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay解析：C该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysbbythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.考题练练看3.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost解析：Dgetlost迷路了4.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheleaderofthatcountrygot________.A.killB.killingC.killedD.tobekilled解析：C过去分词表被动考题练练看5.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating解析：C。remainseated为系表结构，不具有被动色彩。考题练练看6.-I'mvery________withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.-Mm.Itdoeshavea________smell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasant解析：D。pleased，满意的；pleasant，令人愉快的。TaskfourCompletethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.PreposedAttributePostpositiveAttribute1.terrifiedpeople1.peopleterrifiedof…2.reservedseats2.3.pollutedwater3.4.acrowdedroom4.5.apleasedwinner5.seatsreservedfor…waterpollutedby…aroomcrowdedwith…awinnerpleasedwith…Taskfour6.astonishedchildren7.abrokenvase8.acloseddoor9.thetiredaudience10.a