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现在完成时态ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时Presentperfecttense•构成:助动词have/has+过去分词1.肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。eg.Hehaseatensupper.Theyhaveeatensupper.eg.Hasheeatensupper?eg.Hehasn’teatensupper现在完成时态的分类•用法一、•1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）•--It’ssodark.•--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.•(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑•Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)•Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.Whendidhehavehisbreakfast?Hehadbreakfastat6:00.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(谓语动词之前)（刚刚）,already（已经(肯定句)）,before,yet（一般疑问(句末）：已经；否定句：还）never,ever(疑问句)twicerecently(近来）等状语连用①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.⑥Hehasnotcomeyet.Exercises•1.I________(have)lunchalready.•2.thetrain_______(arrive)yet?•3.Tom____never_______(be)toChina.•4.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.•5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.•6.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.havehadHasarrivedhasbeenhasseensawhaveridden7._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.8.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?No.When_____he_____(see)it?He______ittomorrow.9.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseenwillseewillseehavecome•用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A动词使用延续性动词。B和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用sofar,upto/tillnow,inthelast/past+一段时间，allone’slife,bynow,thesedays,、fortwoyears、since1984、sincehecamehereIhaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?注意：(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点＝for＋时间段since2000=for７years(3)since+从句(常用一般过去时)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince用for和since填空1.TheyhavebeenlearningChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher_____alongtime.3.Hehasbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehasbeendoingherhomework____twohours.5.It’s5years_____weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–_____twoyearsago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.——itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变•第一类：动词be+adj.•diefinish•open/close•fallill/asleep•marrysb/getmarriedto•第二类：动词be+介词.•start/begin•leave•joinbedeadbeawayfrombein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto•第三类：动词另一个动词•buy•borrow•get/beginto延续性v.•become•puton•eg.keephavebe延续性v.wear•Hisfatherdied2yearsago.•Thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.m.•Thetwinsjoinedthearmywhentheywere18yearsold.•MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago.Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years/sincetwoyearsago.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/inthearmy、membersofthearmysincetheywere18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days/since3daysago.巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束。”1beginbeon6returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7joinbein3gobeoff8diebedead4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebehere10arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwear13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed17end/finishbeover16becomebeFallasleepbeasleepclose→beclosedopen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_________for________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_____________forsixhours.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy→bealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a_________________fortwoyears.He___________a_________the________fortwoyears.He_______________________theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_________a________for______________________.Mybrother___________in___________fortwoyears.•;die→bedead;leavesp.→beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep;finish/end→beover;marry→bemarried;2)HeleftShanghaijustnow•.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.•Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.•Themeeting____________________forsixhours.5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.•I________________since__________________.6)Theymarriedin1990.•They___________________________since_________.注意点四：havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。Theyhavebe