高二英语短文改错的命题与解题

•2011年高考英语备考——短文改错的命题与解题••NMET短文改错的命题特点1.短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑:i.考察英语的屈折附加成分(以表现英语学科的显著特点)。ii.学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。iii.估计考生可能出现的错误。2.用于改错的短文题材为中学生所熟悉,不会象阅读理解那样,发生因题材陌生而丢分。•II.学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误•1.英语介词和活跃的动词搭配,构成表达法,是NMET短文改错的重要内容•2.汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语•3.英语中的一致现象(一致包括动词与其主语的一致,称谓的一致,主从句中时态的一致等)•4.英语中的平行结构现象(在表达平行概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,平行结构常借助于并列连词and,or,notonly...butalso等。)•III.估计考生可能出现的错误•1.冗言•例1:(Iamamemberof)•ourschoolfootballteam.Wepractise[for]threetimes(everyweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchesonTVtogether.)[]•例2:WheneverIseethemIwill[often]thinkofmyEnglishteacher.[]••2.and→but;and→or;x→not;go→come转换对于整个句意的逻辑关系造成根本变化•例:Shewassmiling[but]noddingatme.Iremembered(herwordsandcalmeddown.)•and•3.英语句与句、词与词的连接必须使用并列或从属连词•4.定语从句的考查•了解NMET短文改错的命题内容•命题之一:英语的屈折附加成分•英语学科显著的特点是指拼音文字所特有的表现形式,包括英语的屈折附加•成分,如:动词的屈折变化,名词复数的屈折变化,代词的屈折变化,比较形容词的•屈折变化等,而汉语则无这种变化。1.现在时第三人称单数的屈折变化•①Thenewboyorgirlinschoolquickly[become]one(oftheclassafterafewgames.)becomes•②Anyonemayborrowbooks,andit[cost]nothingtoborrowthem.costs•③(Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowup)tallandstrongbutalso[give]usasenseoffairplayand(teamspirit.)•gives2.时态的屈折变化•(Shelikedit)•verymuchand[reads]ittoclass.Allsaidthestorywas(agoodone.)read•①Weweredrivingalonganarrowroadwhenthecar[stop]working.stopped•②Bill[is]standingatthesideofthecar,(talkingtotwomenwhowerehelpinghimtorepairit.)was•③LastSunday,policecars[hurry]tothetallestbuilding.hurried•④Also,scientistsanddoctors[had]learnedhowtodealwithmanydiseases(疾病).have⑤Ifthebookyou[will]wantisout,youmayaskforit(tobecalledbackforyou,...)[]⑥(Ihadalwayswantedtoreturntothevillageaftermovingaway)andit[is]reallygreattoseemostofmyold(friendsagain.)was⑦We[have]agoodtimetalkingandlaughing(together.)had⑧Myfavouritesportisfootball.I[was]amemberof(ourschoolfootballteam.)am2.时态的屈折变化3.被动语态的屈折变化①Afteranhourorsowebegantofeelvery[frightening].frightened②CharlesandLindawere[seeing]nearthetopofthebuilding.seen③(Ifthebookyouwantisout,youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou,andifyoupaythecostofsendingapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou,andletyouknowwhenthebookyou)wanthas[]returnedandisreadyforyoutopickup.been④Booksmaybe[keep]forfourweeks.kept•4.动名词的屈折变化•SoonIbegantoenjoy[talk]tomyselfonpaperasIwas(learningto...)talking•①(CharlesandLindaMasondoallthesethings)•aswellas[climbed]buildings.•climbing;climb•②(Ifthebookyouwantisout,youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou,andifyoupay)•thecostof[send]apostcard,thelibrarianwill(writetoyou,...)sending5.不定式•①IwentbacktogetDavidandhelpedhimto[stood]up.stand•②TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherorganizationsareworking[]improvehealthallovertheworld.to•③(Ifthebookyouwantisout,youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou,andifyoupaythecostofsendingapostcard,thelibrarianwill)•writetoyou,andletyou[to]knowwhenthebookyou(wanthasbeenreturnedandisreadyforyoutopickup.)[]•④(Ihadalways)wanted[]returntothevillageaftermovingaway•(anditwasreallygreattoseemostofmyoldfriendsagain.)to•⑤I'dliketo[]yourpenfriend,andgetto•(knowmoreaboutyourcountry.)•be/become6.名词复数的屈折变化•①Differentpeoplespeakdifferent[language],...•languages•②Westoppedtorestforawhileandtodrinksome[waters]fromastream.•water•③WehavebeentoEuropemany[time].•times•④Therearebranch[library]inmanyvillages.•libraries•⑤(Ihopethatyoutwocouldcomeandvisitus)•some[times]soon.time•8.比较形容词的屈折变化•①Policecarshurriedtothe[taller]building(in•NewYork.)tallest•②(Asaresult,peopleinthemodernworld)generallylivemuch[more]longerthanpeopleinthepast.[]•③(Peopleinindustrialcountriescanexpecttolivefor)twice[so]longaspeoplewholivedafewhundredyearsago.as•④Insomeplacesyoumayborrow[]manybooksasyouwant,...[as]命题之二:学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误•1.英语介词远比汉语介词活跃这一特性(介词常和活跃的动词搭配,构成表达法,是NMET短文改错的重要内容)•①Peopleindifferentparts[in]theworldlearntounderstandoneanotherthroughsports.•of•②Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldlearntounderstandone[with]anotherthroughsports.•[]•④Suddenlywecaughtsight[at]acarand•somemen.of•⑤WhenIhavefreetimeIgo[]alongwalk.•for•⑥Whentheycamedownthepolicewere•angry[to]them.with•⑦Mostpeoplecanquicklyget[for]help•fromadoctororgotoahospitaliftheyare•ill.[]•⑧(Newly-publishednovelsarealwaysingreatdemand,)andsomebooks,forexample,books[for]history,(science,cookingandgardeningarealsopopular.)on•⑨(I[was]amemberof)ourschoolfootballteam.Wepractise[for]threetimes•(everyweekandoftenwatchfootball[match]onTVtogether.)[]•⑩(Wemustkeepinmindthatweplay)•fortheteaminstead[]ourselves.Also,thesport(teachesustheimportanceof•obedience服从).•of•2.汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词语这一特性,考生在使用英语冠词方面常常缺乏良好的意识和习惯•79/NMET2003•Myteacheradvisedmetokeep[my]diary.Ifollowedher(adviceand...)my→a•①Onedoesnotneedtounderstandthelanguage•of[]other.the•②Somepeopleread[the]booksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.[]•③Goodhealthis[]person'smostvaluablepossession.a•④Modernpeopleknowmoreabout[the]health,havebetterfood,(andliveincleanersurroundings.)[]•⑤Thereis[]publiclibraryineverytowninBritain.•a•⑥Maybeyoucouldcomeduring[a]winter(holidays.)•the•⑦(TodayIvisitedtheSmiths--myfirstvisit)to[a]•Americanfamily.an•⑧(Each)playermustobey[]captain,whoisthe•leaderof(theteam.)the•⑨Thedaybeforethespeechcontest(比赛)[]English•tea