过去分词不定式现在分词非谓语动词动名词-ing形式过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成,在语态上侧重于被动;现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行,在语态上侧重于主动。名称主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语动词的句法功能√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式进行式完成式不定式的三种时态形式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone以do为例一般式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或几乎同时发生。进行式表示谓语动词的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。完成式表示不定式的动作先于谓语动词。语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式动名词的时态和语态形式makingbeingmadehavingmadehavingbeenmade以make为例语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式现在分词作状语的时态和语态形式makingbeingmadehavingmadehavingbeenmade以make为例1.非谓语的否定放在非谓语动词之前Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughternevertodriveafterdrinking.Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.HewasveryunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtothepartyHernotpassingtheexamsmadehisparentsangry.Heapologizedforhisnotbeingabletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.不定式[例1]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问词+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语,如:whattodo,wheretogohowtogetthere,whomtoask,whentostop以下词后可以接不定式特殊结构tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain不定式的作用宾语[例2]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因为主语是thepurpose,在(purpose,wish,promise,plan)后常跟不定式,故表语要用不定式,to不能省略,因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型,故选B。不定式的作用表语[例3]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配,因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式,表示“想,希望”,而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有:mean,hope,plan,expect,intend,wantImeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.=Ihadmeanttotelephone不定式的完成式不定式的时态[例4]NMET2002第14题Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen例如:ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.B不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.不定式的被动语态不定式的语态不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式,①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外,not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补,只有少数动词(五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat;三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等)须接不带to的不定式做宾补。不定式的否定形式过去分词1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法,A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought.过去分词主要考查句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生,与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.getseparated,gettired过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见表示感觉和心理活动watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,find+sthdone表示使役的动词have,get,keep,make+sthdone表示希望要求的动词like,want,wouldlike,wish+sthdone[例4]NMET2000第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutCV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语,这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing(现在分词)表示顺其自然,不定式表示突然,出乎意料。如:Hedroppedthecup,breakingitintopieces.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的区别Thehousebeingbuiltnowwillbeournewlibrary.Thehousebuiltlastyearisournewlibrary.Thehousetobebuiltnextyearwillbeournewlibrary.现在分词作定语表示正在进行或是一种状态。动名词作定语表示名词的性质或用途thesleepingcarthesleepingboythedancinghallthedancinggirl现在分词作状语1.Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.Whentheyheardthenews,2.Beingill,hewasunabletogotoschool.Ashewasill,3.Shestoodthere,waitingforthebus.Shestoodthereandwaitingforthebus.4.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Ifyouworkhard,5.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,6.Hedied,leavingnothingbutdebts.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:remembertodo记住要做某事;rememberdoing记得曾经做过某事forgettodo忘记要做某事forgetdoing忘记曾经做过某事stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing继续做原来在做的事meantodo打算,想,意欲做某事meandoing意味着trytodo努力,试图做某事trydoing尝试做某事regrettodo遗憾,后悔去做某事regretdoing后悔做过某事can’thelpdo不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事;深圳感统训练机构感统训练感统训练机构深圳感统训练感觉统合感统;汉打个响指,在光阴牢笼之中根汉の时间牢笼顿时应声而碎,化为时光光雨消散于虚无丶多谢,这样下来倒是咱占了你の便宜,对了你叫什么名字,以后在超级系域或许还有缘再相见,届时如有需要咱必帮你丶银发女子长发飘扬,将光阴牢笼手心,把玩着牢笼对根汉说道丶根汉丶根汉回到丶好,咱记住了,既然时光蝶已经得到了,咱也该离开了,后会有期丶银发女子说道丶好,咱也要离开了,后会有期丶根汉同样抱拳道,言罢就施展遁速,化作壹道青虹冲天而起丶咦?真走了?按照剧情不应该还要问咱名字?银发女子精致の柳眉微蹙,这念头壹闪间又开口道:根汉记住咱叫荏苒,作为世上为数不多の,掌握有时光秘术の人不要这么轻易死了,不然咱光阴术将难以大成丶虽然根汉如今已经闪现到了天边,但在银发女子荏苒の光阴术下,将声音瞬间就传送道了根汉耳畔,让根汉清晰无误の听到了丶根汉嘴角露出壹抹笑意,也用时间术传音道:记住了,这场游戏是平局,以后还要继续の丶混蛋,果然是登徒浪子,怎么也改变不了丶在水面上の银发女子荏苒闻言,明丽の眸子闪过恼怒,而后脸色又快速の恢复了平静,其身子壹晃