传统医药的知识产权保护

华中科技大学硕士学位论文传统医药的知识产权保护姓名：田晟申请学位级别：硕士专业：经济法指导教师：郑平安20080524I“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”IIIIIAbstractTraditionalChinesemedicinesincludebothmaterialresourcesandnonmaterialresources,suchastraditionalmedicinesofHanNationalityandminornationalities,andhavedevelopedintoanintegratedtheoreticalsystem.Sinceancientdays,traditionalChinesemedicines,condensedwithChinesepeople’sexperienceandwisdom,havebeenplayinganirreplaceableroleinresistingnaturaldisastersanddiseasesduringthedevelopmentofChineseNation.ForprotectingourtraditionalChinesemedicines,theintellectualproductofChineseNation,startingfromtheirorigins,weexploresomeways,adoptedbothdomesticallyandabroad,ofprotectingintellectualpropertyoftraditionalChinesemedicines,andrevealsomeweaknessesintheseways.Wealsoanalyzeoutthehugeobstaclesfacingtheprotectiontask,andtryouttoproposeanewprotectionmechanism.Theessayconsistsoffivepartsexpectoftheconclusionpart:Partone,basedontheconceptionsandoriginsoftraditionalChinesemedicines,addressesconnotationandrealmof“traditionalknowledge”nestedinthem.Myopinionaboutthisinternationallycontroversialconceptisalsopresentedinthispart,soistheconnotationandrealmoftraditionalknowledge.Becauseofsuchfeaturesas“unspecificofinventorordiscover”,“uncertaintyofprotectionterm”,itishardtoapplymechanicallyintellectualpropertyinstitutionsonhandtoprotecttraditionChinesemedicine.Parttwo,basedonpresentstatusoftraditionalChinesemedicineprotection,developmentbothdomesticallyandaboardintheprotectionprocess,andexperiencesonlawmaking,developstheaimsofprotection.Theseaimsinclude“promotingconservation,protectionandinnovationoftraditionalknowledge”,“promotingafair,justdistributionofprofitsoriginatedfortraditionalknowledge”,“puttingtheuseoftraditionalknowledgeunderthevisionofwholehumanity”,“workingoutthemechanismofmanagingtraditionalknowledge”,and“promotingthedevelopmentoflegislationandeconomicsystemtoallowproprietors’development”.Partthreeanalyzesproblemsmetintheprotectionusinginternationalways,andsuccessfulexperiencesdevelopedbyforeigncountriestheresituationsaresimilarasus.IVPartfouranalyzeschina’sinstitutionoftheprotection.Theanalysisgoesfromtwoaspects:administrativeprotectionandlegislativeprotection.Usingthisframework,Iparseonebyonenewdrugadministrativeprotection,speciesoftraditionalChinesemedicineadministrativeprotection,patentlegislativeprotection,copyrightlegislativeprotection,trademarklegislativeprotection,commercialsecretlegislativeprotectionmethods.Partfive,onthebasisofaboveanalysis,meetingtheurgentneedofoptimizingtheprotectionmechanismoftraditionalChinesemedicine,proposesanotionthatithardandlongjourneytoestablishaspecificprotectionsystem.KeyWords:TraditionalMedicineIntellectualPropertyRightsProtect111.1“”“”WTOWIPO“”“”1.1.1“”“”“IndigenousKnowledge‘IK’”“CommunityKnowledge”“LocalKnowledge”“TraditionalMedicine‘TM’”“TraditionalResources”“TraditionalEnvironmentalKnowledge”“TraditionalEcologicalKnowledge‘TEK’”“TraditionalKnowledgeInnovationsandCulture”“TheHeritageofIndigenousPeoples”[1]WIPO[1]WIPO“2”[2]“”“”“”“”WIPO——“”WIPO“”WIPO“”1.1.2“”“”WIPO31.2WTOWIPOWIPO“”“”“”“”——[3]“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”“”14“”23————451.3“”“”1.3.11.3.21.3.361.3.4“”1.41.4.11.4.27[4]“”“”“”“”“”822.12.1.1[5]553020801979100019775760198250001988960001988350000[6][7]2.1.2“”“”“”2090“”198770%50%30%20%“”9015%27060642000[8]2.2“”[9]WIPOWO/GA26/910“”“”“”11“”[10]1233.1accessrestrictions17873P[11]promotionpreservationprotection“”“”“”“”[12]133.23.2.1“”50[13]143.2.2FDA“”“”3.2.31234515TRIPS1644.119849202001228200112117[14]34362003101“”“”4.1.1[15]19878643199818128620077102007101WTOWTO24.1.21992101419931119“”3020107[16]4.2“”204.2.1199221“”“”“”“”“”“”4.2.2224.2.3200116“”“”234.2.424255“”5.1[17]265.25.2.15.2.25.2.3“”“”[18]PriorInformedConsentPIC27[19]“”“”“”[20][21]285.2.45.32930[1]WIPO/GRTKF/IC/1/3,ANNEX3.in:[2]WIPO/GRTKF/IC/4/8,para24.in:[3]PrabuddhaGanguli.:..:,2004.97[4],..:[5]——.:,1992.1[6].::[].:,108[7]..,2002(5):1[8].WTO.WTO,2005,5:177[9]A...——..:,,1996.8[10]IntellectualPropertyNeedsandExpectationsofTraditionalKnowledgeHolders:WIPOReportonFact-findingMissions1998-1999.[11]..:[12]..:[13]TheIndustrialPropertyBill.KenyaGazetteSupplement.Bills,1989(18):1399-1459[14]..,2002,8:137[15].8331[16]..,2000:152[17]..,2002:244[18]UNEP/CBD/WG-ABS/2/3,p11-12.in:[19]WIPO/IPTK/RT/99/6B,ANNEX,Article2.in:[20]20011921.:[21]WIPO/GRTKF/IC/7/5,B1.in:[1]WIPO/GRTKF/IC/1/3,ANNEX3.in:[2]WIPO/GRTKF/IC/4/8,para24.in: