搜索
内蒙古科技大学硕士学位论文低频高梯度、超音频、中频磁场及协同药剂阻垢试验研究姓名：齐丽英申请学位级别：硕士专业：环境工程指导教师：张雪峰20080515140%25HzXRD28%25Hz2AbstractBecauseoftheintenseofthewaterresouresinChina,lotsofcompanieshavebeingcommencedonthereuseoftheindustrialwastewater.Presently,themostcommonlymethodofscale-inhibitionisthechemicalmethod,butthechemicalmethodisnotanenvironmentalfriendlytechnology:largedosage,complexoperationandcanbringsecondarypollution.Whileasaphysicalmethod,themagneticscaletreatmenttechnologyhastheadvantagesofconvenientoperation,lowinvestment,lowoperationcost,innocuousandoncontamination,itisnecessaryandfeasiblethatusethemagnetictreatmenttechnologytotreatindustrialwastewateraccordingtobothtechnologyandeconomic,socialandenvironmentalbenefit.Anditisextensiveresourcefulforegroundandappliedforeground.Therearethreepartsinthestudy,thefristpartistheinvestigationaboutthepresentsituationoftheBaotousteelsewagereturnwater,gettingtoknowcharacterofthewastewater,designingtheexperiment’sscheme,andconstructingthemagnetictreatmentapparatus;thesecondpartistodesignorthogonaltestonscalingbythecalciumcarbonateaggradationstest,analysethescaleinhibitionunderlowfrequencyhighgradientmagneticfield,supersonicfrequency,thyristormedium-frequency,uniformmagneticfieldandselecttheoptimummagnetictreatparameters;thethirdpartstudysynergisticscale-inhibitioneffectofmagnetismandchemicalscaleinhibitor.Supersonicfrequency,thyristormedium-frequency,uniformmagneticfeieldandself-designedequipmentusinghigh-gradientmagneticfieldforthetreatmentofscaleinhibitionwasestablishedunderdifferentconditions.Theresultshowthatscaleinhibitionrateoflowfrequencyhigh-gradientcanreachmorethan40%,itisthebestscaleinhibitioneffect.TheanalysisofCalciumCarbonatescalebymeansofSEM(ScanningElectronMicroscope)showsthatbeforemagnetictreatment,themicrostructureofCalciumCarbonatemainlyconsistsofhexagonalprismgrainswithobviousedgeandcornersanddensestructure.After25Hzmagneticaction,however,themicrostructureofCalciumCarbonatebecomesfasciculate,withfuzzyedge,loosestructure.FurtherquantitativeandqualitativeanalysesweredonebyXRD.Theargentinecontentisfoundtobeincreasedby28%,whichmeansthatelectromagneticfieldnotonlychangesthemorphologyofCaCO3,butprolongsthetransformationtimeofargentinetocalciteaswell.Itisdifficultforthesoftscale(nohardscalebeingformed)toprecipitateonthepipeline,sothatthesoftscalecanbedischargedwiththewastewater,resultingintheanticipativeeffectofscaleinhibitor.Thesynergisticscale-inhibitioneffectoflowrequencyhighgradientmagneticfieldandchemicalscale3inhibitortestshowsthathavebettersynergisticscaleinhibitioneffect.Byusingscanningelectronmicroscopy,itwasfoundthatthechemicalscaleinhibitioncandisruptthescalecrystals’latticestructure,andcalciumcarbonatecrystalsfromarechangedtovateritephase.KeyWordsLowfrequencyhighgradient,Supersonicfrequency,Thyristorizedmedium-frequency,Scale,Synergisticeffect_________________________________________________________11#5#41800m3/h212.812500[1]60300650060006004001200[2][3],199133670%;30%10%18952.8%,197118019859519702005580040%7170060900776000[4]199445%[5]3[6]Epstein[7]pHpH[8]1.1[9]41.1.190%[10]4%~5%[11](Borecorrosion)[12]pH[13][14]1.1.1.1(Fe)(Fe3C)()()[15](Fe)(Fe3C)()()[15](1)1.1(a)Fe→Fe2++2e2H2O+O2+4e→4OH-Fe2++2OH-→Fe(OH)2FeFe2+OH-Fe2+OH-Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)35(2)1.2(b)Cl-FeFe2+Cl-FeCl2FeCl2H+1.1(a)1.1(b)1.1.2CaCO3Ca3(PO4)2CaSO4()pH1.1.2.1[16][17](Foulingresistance)61.1.2.2[18][19]1.1.31.1.3.1[20]104cells/mL1.1.3.2[21][22][23]1.21.2.17(MBT)1.2.2(1)(2)pH(3)82001.3()[24]1.3.11.3.1.11.3.1.21.3.1.3CaCO391.3.21.3.2.1O2H2C27080[25]pH[26]1.3.2.220kHz100W85%1.3.2.31020“”——()1.3.2.430G1945701080VermerivenTCEPIVermerivenT[27]VermerivenT1945(N0.460560)GrutschJFCaCO3CaSO4[12]BakerJS[28]MicroslavColic[29]1959PMWP[30]BHC[31]1.41.4.111(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(NMR)[32](0.1~0.3µm)L.Pach3000GsCa(HCO3)22~4Deren[33]Y.WangNa2CO3CaC1230125~10µm3µmlµm3min4~8min(0.05cm-1)2min(0.8cm-1)E.Ø.8000Gs3000GsCaCO3XCaCO3CaCO3CaCO3()()()[34][35][36](H2O)nHigashitaniCaCO31.4.2F=qVBsinα,qVBα,F=mama3Fe2O3·nH2O+2e-2Fe3O4+1/2O2+nH2O13Fe3O41.4.3(0.1~0.3µm)L.Pach3000GsCa(HCO3)22~4Deren,,Y.WangNa2CO3CaCl2305~10µm,3µm1µm3min4~8min(0.05cm-1),,2min(0.8cm-1);ЕФ:8000Gs,3000Gs1.4.41958T.Vermerien(),1988Donaldson[28]80202080Higshitani[37]CaCO3CaCO3CaCO3Donaldson[38]CaCO314Ca2CO372hHassonpHpHpH[39]:Ca2+CO33-0.2T1.4.5,(1),Ca2+CO32-CaCO3Ca2+CO32-Ca2+CO32-15(2)Ca2+CO32-,CaCO3CaCO3,2~3[24],Ca2+CO32-CaCO3,1.4.6,,,,(),,,,,161.51.5.110%9%2002[40]15.58m32.1%10.97m34.3%695%(3R)7.540%1#~5#41800m3/h10200m3/h31600m3/h800m3/h1.1/m3760/1770%~80%70%~90%[41]1999370m32030660m3[42]1890FauceCabell[43,44]1945TheoVermeiren[45][46]1.5.218(1)(2)(3)(4)1.5.3()GB/T16632-19961922.1GB/T16632-1996CaCl2NaHCO3Ca2+240mg/LHCO3-732mg/L500mLΦ5mm300mm500mL801()10hCa2+Ca2+2Ca2+Ca2+SEMX-RD2.12.1202.22.2.1KOH(200g/L)EDTA(0.01mol/L)(0.1mol/L)NaHCO3(18.3mg/mLHCO3-)2.2.21)2)(1)FA2004N0.0001g(2)HHSY21-Ni8-c0.1(3)101-1-S0~300(4)(SEM)Quanta400FEI(5)X(X-RD)PHILIPSPw1700Cu2.32.3.1XNP1105()5KVA()22010%AC50/60Hz5%10A25~50Hz60Hz100Hz200Hz400Hz1%0.1%31/0.1V0.01A0.1Hz0.1W0~4510~90%40cm,