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直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeech直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。(直接引语一般前后要加引号）Theteachersaid,“heishard-working.”Theteachersaidthathewashard-working.用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。(间接引语在多数情况构成宾语从句，不用引号）。Grammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech(1)1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句•Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”•HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.•Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.•陈述句•用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosbthat,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat•时态的变化间接引语直接引语Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.Shesaid，“I’lldoitafterclass.”一般将来时-过去将来时Hesaidthathehadfinishedthehomeworkbeforesupper.Hesaid，“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”过去完成时不变Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Hesaid，“Icametohelpyou.”一般过去时-过去完成时ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.Shesaid，“I’venotheardfromhimsinceMay.”现在完成时-过去完成时Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.Hesaid，“I’musingtheknife.”现在进行时-过去进行时Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthework.Hesaid，“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”一般现在时—一般过去时列句直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态变化直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake、其他特殊变化3直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldShould（不变）willwouldwouldWould（不变）maymightmightMight（不变）cancouldcouldCould（不变）mustMust/hadto一般疑问句•Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”•Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.•Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”•HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.•间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句•Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”•Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.•Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”•Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”Exercises:1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.7.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.5.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化。3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别方向动词的变化1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExercises2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextdayDoyoulikeflowers?Sheaskedmewhether/ifIlikedflowers?Whereareyougoingforyourholiday?SheaskedmewhereIwasgoingformyholiday.2.疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me，him，her，usect）。（1）Hesaid，“areyouinterestedinEnglish？”HeaskedmeifIwasinterestedinEnglish.（2）Hesaid，“Didyouseehimlastnight？”HeaskedmewhetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore。2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，任用原来的疑问词引导。“WhatcanIdoforyou？”heaskedme.Heaskedmewhathecoulddoforme.结论二直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。一般疑问句：变为间接引语后，要用陈述语序（主语先写）用if或whether引导。时态等作相应变化。1Heasked,“Canyouhearme?”Heaskedif/whetherIcouldhearhim.2Theteacherasked,“Haveyoureadthisbook,Bob?”TheteacheraskedBobif/whetherhehadreadthatbook.3Shesaidtome,“Willyougotherewithme?”Sheaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgotherewithher.4Sheasked,“Didyouseethefilmyesterday,Peter?”SheaskedPeterif/whetherhehadseenthefilmthedaybefore.5“Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?”JoanaskedKate.JoanaskedKateif/whethershewasleavingthatdayorthenextday.特殊疑问句：变为间接引语后，仍用原来的疑问词引导，用陈述语序。时态等作相应变化。1Whendidtheybuildthisbridge?”Sheasked.Sheaskedwhentheybuiltthatbridge.2RobertaskedAlice,“Whereismydictionary?”RobertaskedAlicewherehisdictionarywas.3Mrs.Bill