中国文化英语porcelain--Calling card of Chinese culture

--CallingcardofChineseculture制作人：邓腾辉陶瓷—中国文化名片CONTENTS1Porcelain—animportantChineseinvention2Porcelain-thegreatdevelopment3Fourtraditionalporcelains4Porcelain-Thediplomaticsignificance5CommunicationKeywords中国风Chinesevogue开篇陶瓷crackleware青花瓷器blue-and-whiteporcelain釉里红瓷器underglazeredporcelain粉彩瓷器famille-roseporcelain台北故宫博物院theTaipei“PalaceMuseum”香炉incenseburnerCeladon青瓷enamel[i‘næməl]珐琅器officialkilns官窑Porcelain—animportantChineseinventionCeladon青瓷,theearliesttypeofporcelaininthemid-Shangdynasty,3500yearsago.Duetoimmaturetechniques,thisceladonwascalled“primitiveceladon.”ItwasnotuntiltheHandynasty(1,800yearsago)thatceladonenteredthe“earlyporcelainperiod”intheWei,Jin,andSouthernandNortherndynastiesperiod,thetechnologyforproducingceladonbecamemature,thuslayingthefoundationforthedevelopmentandprosperityofporcelainmanufactureintheSuiandTangdynasties.Porcelain—animportantChineseinventionAworkofShangdynasty(ca.17th-11thcenturyB.C.).thisceladonjar,28.2cmhigh.wasexcavatedfromasiteatZhengzhou,HenanProvince,in1965.ItisnowpreservedintheHenanprovincialmuseum.Coveredwithgreenish-yellowglaze,thejarwasfiredatahightemperature.Primitiveceladonzun(jar)Porcelain—animportantChineseinventionItisevidencethatatthattimechinahadthepreliminary初步conditionsforproducingporcelain,butglazing釉wasnotevenlyappliedandtechniqueswerenotmature.suchitemsindicatethetransitionfrompotterytoporcelain.,Hencethenameprimitiveporcelain.Itistheoldestprimitiveceladonsofarfoundinchina.Porcelain-thegreatdevelopmentProto-porcelainappearedfromtheShangDynasty,aftertheWesternZhouDynasty,theWarringStatestotheEasternHanDynasty,after1600yearsofchangeanddevelopment,Porcelainfiringtechnologyhasbeenimprovedgradually.Porcelain-thegreatdevelopmentSongporcelainhadanewimprovedonglaze(釉)andproductiontechnology.Porcelaintechnologyhadreachedfullmaturity（成熟）level.Acleardivisionoflaborhadappeared.ThedevelopmentofporcelaininChinaisanimportantstage.Successfullyfiringtheexquisite（精致的）whiteglazeporcelainandthesingle-glazeporcelainwithcopper（铜）asthecoloringagent（色剂）,madetheMingDynastyporcelaincolorful.TheporcelaintechnologycontinuedtoimprovePorcelain-thegreatdevelopmentOnQingDynasty,porcelainfiringtechnologyhadreachedthetoplevelofthehistory.Annewkideofporcelain,whichcalledenamel[i'næməl](珐琅器),hadapearedPorcelain-thegreatdevelopmentGreatprosperity—potteryandporcelainoftheMingandQingdynasties.IntheMingdynasty,porcelainproduction,wasconcentratedatJingdeZhen.Mingwaresarecharacterizedbyblue-and-whiteporcelain,underglazeredporcelain,polychromeporcelainanddoucai(contendingcolors)porcelain.blue-andwhiteporcelainwareswerecarriedabroadbyadmiral(‘ædmərəl)船长ZhengheonhisvoyagestosoutheastAsiaandtheIndianoceanintheearlyMingperiods.Porcelain-thegreatdevelopmentExperimentationwithdifferenttypesofcobalt钴pigments颜料anddrawingtechniquesresultedinanincreaseinthevarietiesofblue-and–whiteporcelain.TheKangxi,Yongzheng,andQianlongresignperiodsoftheQingdynastywerethegoldeneraofporcelainproduction.Theemperorsofthosethreereignperiodsshowedgreatappreciationforporcelain.Porcelain-thegreatdevelopmentTheynotonlydispatchedofficialkilns.,butalsooftentookapersonalinterestinit.Moreoverpaintersfromtheimperialsplacetookpartinthedesignofporcelainpatterns.Jingdezhenbecameknowsastheporcelaincapitalofchina,turningoutaconstantstreamofblue–and-white,polychrome,duocai,mixed-colorandfamille-roseporcelainwares.Fourtraditionalporcelains四大名瓷Blueandwhiteporcelain青花瓷Colorglazeporcelain颜色釉瓷Famille-roseporcelain粉彩瓷Glowingporcelain玲珑瓷Blueandwhiteporcelain青花瓷Blueandwhiteporcelainiselegant,bright,gorgeous,andlong-lasting.Thewhitepotteryandporcelaindecoratedundertheglazewithabluepigment.Itsuniqueartisticconnotationistheperfectjointoftraditionalandmodernarts.青花瓷清雅、明净、高贵，白底蓝彩、千年如新，以其旺盛的生命力和独特的美学内蕴荣立于陶瓷艺术之中，成为现代与传统结合的完美点Blue-and-whitevaseProductintheYonglereignperiod(1403-1424)oftheMingdynasty,thisblue-and-whitevase,26cmhigh,isintheTianmintowercollectioninHongKong.Thevaseconsistsofthreepart,whicharestucktogether.theupperpartissmalljar,withasmallholeandaslanting倾斜shoulder.Itsbellyisflatandround2005年7月12日，在伦敦佳士德举行的“中国陶瓷、工艺精品及外销工艺品”拍卖会上，元代“鬼谷子下山图”青花瓷罐以1400万英镑拍出，加佣金后为1568.8万英镑，折合人民币约2.3亿元，创下了中国艺术品在世界上的最高拍卖纪录。Themostexpensiveblueandwhiteporcelain!!Colorglazeporcelain颜色釉瓷Jingdezhen'scolorfulglazeisfamousforallovertheworld.Itcontainsalongtradition,andisgraduallyconcludedbyourancestorsduringthelong-timeproducingandexperimenting.Ourancestorshasaccumulatedrichexperienceinthelong-timeproducingandstruggling,andhasalreadycreatedtri-coloredglazemingledwithyellow,redandblueinTangdynastyRed-glazedplateProductintheYonglereignperiod(1403-1424)oftheMingdynasty,thisredglazedplate,4cmhighandwithadiameterof20.2cm,isinthecollectionofthepalaceMuseum,Beijing.Itswhitebodyiscoveredwiththickredglaze,smoothandlustrous光泽,pluswhiteupperandbottomedges.YellowglazeporcelainRedglazeporcelainFamille-roseporcelain粉彩瓷Famille-roseporcelain，alsocalledsoftdecorativeporcelain,whichisoneofthefourtraditionalporcelainsofJingdezhen,isakindofporcelaindecoratedmostlybyfamille-rose