James Joyce詹姆斯 乔伊斯

JamesJoyce(1882——1941)By李文慧、江静、王欢、王晋、张思君JamesJoyce(2February1882–13January1941)Irishnovelistandpoetoneofthemostinfluentialwritersinthemodernistavant-gardeoftheearly20thcentury.JamesJoyce'sintroductionBirthandDeath:2February1882–13January1941Family:BorninDublin,Ireland.•HisfamilywasinitiallywelloffasDublinmerchants.Nationality:IrishOccupation:Novelist,poet,teacherWorks:•theshort-story：collectionDubliners(1914)《都柏林人》•thenovel：Ulysses(1922)《尤利西斯》•APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(1916)《一个青年艺术家的画像》•FinnegansWake(1939)《芬尼根守灵夜》•otherwritings:poetry,play,occasionaljournalism,andhispublishedlettersLover:NoraBarnacle(achambermaid),marriedin1931•IntroductionandLifetime•AestheticConceptandArtisticPursuit•WritingStyleandMajorWorks•TheInfluencesofJamesJoycecontentsJamesJoyce'slifetime•Joyce'sfamily•Gaineducation•Experience•LiveinexileJoyce'sfamily•Hisfather'sfamily,originallyfromFermoyinCork,hadonceownedasmallsaltandlimeworks.Joyce'sfatherandpaternalgrandfatherbothmarriedintowealthyfamiliesm.•Hismother'sfamilywasamiddle-classfamily.Gaineducation•In1888,hebeganatClongowesWoodCollege,aJesuitboardingschool.•In1892,hestudiedathomeandbrieflystudiedattheChristianBrothersO'ConnellSchool.•In1893,hewasofferedaplaceintheJesuits'Dublinschool,BelvedereCollege.ThephilosophyofThomasAquinashadastronginfluenceonJoyceformostofhislife.•In1898,hestudiedatUniversityCollegeDublin(UCD),studyingEnglish,FrenchandItalian.TheatricalandliteraryExperience•In1891JoycewroteapoemonthedeathofCharlesStewartParnell.•InNovemberofthatsameyear,JoycewasenteredinStubbsGazette.•In1893,JohnJoycewasdismissed.Joyce'sfather'sdrinkingproblemthemismanagementoffamilyproperty.Joyce'sfamilychangedfromrichtopoorLiveinexile•In1902,Joyceleftfortostudymedicine.•In1903,hismotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer(diedon13August),Joycereturnedto.•HeandNorawenttoinYugoslaviafirstandthenmovedthe,madealivingbyteachingEnglish.•In1915,Joycewasin,taughtEnglishattheBerlitzLanguageSchool.(withNora)•In1920,Hemovedbackto.HeremainedtherefortherestofyearsJoyce's(美学思想)andartisticpursuit1：Theprincipleofstasis艺术的“静态平衡”原则；2：Thenatureofart3：“impersonality”and“theauthors’withdrawingfromnovels”(作家退出小说)4：Threecharacteristicsoftheartisticbeauty5：Threeformsofart1:Theprincipleofstasis•Inhisview,causing（静态的）isappropriate,andleadingtheisnotappropriate.•Further,hesaidthedramaticemotionisstatic,thesameasaestheticemotiondesiresanddislikesaredefinitelynotabeautifulemotion2：Thenatureofart•Artisnottoescapebut.Inotherwords,•Artcreatesbeauty,andbeautyrefinedbyartistthroughtheirfellingandcomprehension.•Artisaesthemic.3：“”and“”(作家退出小说)itmeans,whenwriterincreation,shouldbehidehimself.Don'tusetheauthor'sideatowritethestory,writethecharacterwhointhestory.Because,whenthestoryhavebeenbuilt,afterthestorybeginning,charactershavetheircharacteristics,theyhavelives,theycandecidetheirdestiny.Nottheauthor.•Relationshipbetweenauthorandworks:artist,firstasashout,arhythm,oramood,thentheywillbecomeagleamingnarrative,andfinallyartistoutofwork.Workjustexpressesauthor'smind.4Threecharacteristicsoftheartisticbeauty:(完整)(和谐)(光彩)5thelyricalformtheepicalformthedramaticformWritingStyle•Inhiswritings,Joycelikestousereferencestoancientstoriesandadoptsacompletelynewstyleofwritingwhichallowsthereadertomoveinsidethemindsofthecharacters,andpresentstheirthoughtsandfeelingsinacontinuousdream.Thisstyleisknownas“streamofconsciousness”,andithashadapowerfulinfluenceontheworkofmanyothermodernistwriters.MajorWorksDubliners《都柏林人》WritingbackgroundFeaturesBriefsummaryto15collectionsMajorthemesTellussomethingWritingbackground•ThestorieswerewrittenwhenIrishnationalismwasatitspeak.Atthecrossroadsofhistoryandculture,Irelandwasjolted（颠覆）byvariousconvergingideasandinfluences.Meanwhile,theIrishwereconfusedabouttheirnationalidentity.Features•Dublinersisconsistof15stories.Inasense,eachstoryshowsthecute,dirtyDublinandaspiritualparalysedcity.Everystoryisadramaaboutasoul'sfrustrationandfailure.Allstorytogethershowthemoralfallinginthewholeprocessofthedeath.•Joyceinthiscollectionscreatsallkindsofcharacters;adolescentboys,middle-agedalcoholic,thegovernment'ssmallstaff,universitylecturer,laundryroomofwomen,youngbusinessman.Mostcharactersarebelongtolowerclass.15collectionsDublinersTheSisters《姐妹们》AnEncounter《偶遇》Araby《阿拉比》Eveline《伊夫琳》AftertheRace《车赛之后》TwoGallants《两个浪子》TheBoardingHouse《寄宿公寓》ALittleCloud《一朵浮云》Counterparts《无独有偶》Clay《粘土》APainfulCase《痛心的往事》IvyDayintheCommitteeRoom《会议室里的常春藤日》AMother《一位母亲》Grace《圣恩》TheDead《死者》MajorThemes•TheStagesofLife•PovertyandClassDifferences•ColonizationandIrishPolitics•Defeat,Powerlessness,Imprisonment,andParalysis•LongingforEscapeWhatdoestheauthorwanttoconveytothereaderinthisshortstory?•Theauthorwantstoreveal:“escape”,“frustration”and“paralysis”orlivingdeath.•Environmentalforcedeterminesaperson’sexistenceandfate.•Perplexityandtimiditywillnotleadtohappinessorthatahopefulmarriagecanbedestroyedbyconservativenessandspiritualparalysis.•Freedomcanonlybeobtainedbybreakingthebondageorconfinementofunreasonableconventionsandburdens.Ulysses(尤利西斯)struc