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CharlotteBrontë》》洪深2020/2/7content1IntroductionoftheauthorCharlotteBrontë2Introductionofthebook3LiterarymotifsCharlotteBrontë(21April1816–31March1855)wasanEnglishnovelistandpoet,theeldestofthethreeBrontësisterswhosenovelshavebecomeclassicsofEnglishliterature.Shefirstpublishedherworks(includingherbestknownnovel,JaneEyre)underthepennameCurrerBell.FamilyCharlottewasborninThornton,westofBradfordintheWestRidingofYorkshire,in1816,thethirdofthesixchildrenofMariaandPatrickBrontëIn1820herfamilymovedafewmilestothevillageofHaworth,whereherfatherhadbeenappointedperpetualcurateofStMichaelandAllAngelsChurch.HermotherMariadiedofcancerin1821,leavingfivedaughters,Maria,Elizabeth,Charlotte,EmilyandAnne,plusason,Branwell,tobetakencareofbyhersister.EarlylifeandeducationInAugust1824PatrickBrontësentCharlotte,Emily,MariaandElizabethtotheClergyDaughters'School.Charlottemaintainedthattheschool'spoorconditionspermanentlyaffectedherhealthandphysicaldevelopment,andhastenedthedeathsofMariaandElizabeth,whobothdiedoftuberculosis(肺结核)InJune1825.AfterthedeathsofheroldersistersherfatherremovedCharlotteandEmilyfromtheschool.CharlotteusedtheschoolasthebasisforLowoodSchoolinJaneEyre.CharlotteBrontëBetween1831and1832CharlottecontinuedhereducationatRoeHeadschool.Shebecameanassistantteacherattheschoolin1835butshedislikedtheworkandbetween1839and1841sheattemptedtomakealivingasagoverness.Withheraunt'shelp,CharlotteandEmilytravelledtoBrusselsin1842tostudylanguages.In1844,shereturnedhometohelpcareforherfatherwhowasalmostblind.BythistimeCharlottehadbegunwritingherownverse.PublicationsPoetryNovelsJuvenilia-MyAngriaandtheAngrians-TheSpell-TheSecret-LilyHart-TheFoundling-TheGreenDwarf-AlbionandMarina-TalesoftheIslanders-TalesofAngria-fromRetrospection（1835）-PoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell(1846)-JaneEyre,published1847-Shirley,publishedin1849-Villette,publishedin1853-TheProfessorTheBrontëSistersCharlotteBrontë(1816-1855)JaneEyre《简爱》CurrerBellEmilyBrontë(1818~1848)WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》EllisBellAnneBrontë(1820-1849)AgnesGrey《阿格尼斯·格雷》ActonBellcommonsoftheBronteSistersTheieworksaremarkedbystrongromanticelement.TheroleofnatureisespeciallyimportantintheworksoftheBronteSisters.Theirworksarealsomarkedbyanewconceptionofwomenasheroinesofvitalstrengthandpassionatefeelings.IntroductionofthebookJaneEyreisanovelbyEnglishwriterCharlotteBrontë.Itwaspublishedon16October1847underthepennameCurrerBell.ThenovelJaneEyreisafirst-personnarrativeofthetitlecharacter.ThenovelissetsomewhereinthenorthofEngland,duringthereignofGeorgeIII(1760–1820)StevieDaviesdescribesitas“influentialfeministtext”becauseofitsindepthexplorationofastrongfemalecharactersfeelings.WritingbackgroundofthebookThetimetheauthorwritingJaneEyre,Britainwastheworld'sleadingindustrialpowers.ButthestatusofBritishwomenhasnotchanged,andwasstillinthestatusofattachmentandsubordinate.Careerchoiceoffemalewastobeagoodwife,goodmother.Atthattime,femalewriterswouldbeconsideredagainstthelegitimatefemininity,andwouldreceivefierceattacksbymale.FrommasculinepennamesoftheBronteSisterswecanseehowdifficultfemalewritersfacedwithatthattime.Introductionofthebook•Thestorygoesthroughfivedistinctstages:•Jane'schildhoodatGatesheadHall,wheresheisemotionallyandphysicallyabusedbyherauntandcousins;•hereducationatLowoodSchool,wheresheacquiresfriendsandrolemodelsbutalsosuffersprivationsandoppression;•hertimeasgovernessatThornfieldHall,whereshefallsinlovewithherByronicemployer,EdwardRochester;•hertimewiththeRiversfamily,duringwhichherearnestbutcoldclergymancousin,St.JohnRivers,proposestoher;•andthefinaleisherreunionwith,andmarriageto,herbelovedRochester.IntroductionofthebookJaneEyreisthenovelwrittenbyCharlotteBrontëaccodingtoherownexperiences.Inthisnovel,theauthorshapesatoughandindependentwomanwhopursuestrueloveandequality,andisagoodexampleofallwomen.JaneEyreisanorphan,andisill-treatedasalittlegirl,Shestrivesforherlife,whichmakeshertoughcharaterandstrongself-respect.Becauseofherchildhood'slifeenvironment,shelearnshowtolive.Alsojustforhergrowingexperiences,itcreatsherstrongpersonality,beautifulidealandwisdom.IntroductionofthebookJaneEyreisaspecialimageoutofordinary.Shemakesalifebyherself,darestoexpressherownidea.Uderthepressureoflife,shealwaysmaintainsherself-respectbyhardwork,intelligenceandhertoughindividualism.Shenevergivesinherownway.Thoughshehaslittlefigure,JaneEyreishugeinsoul.Shepursuestrueloveandisloyalandsteadfasttoherbelovedman.Herkindness,intelligence,andindependenceattractthehero.Atlas,tshegetsaperfectlove.Publishedin1847JaneEyrewasshockingbecause:•Theheroineissmall,plain,&poor.•Theheroineisthefirstfemalecharactertoclaimtherighttofeelstronglyaboutheremotionsandactonherconvictions•Thisromanticgroundhadpreviouslybeenreservedformales.•Suchapsychologicallycomplexheroinehadneverbeencreatedbefore.LiterarymotifsPurposeofGothicfictionwastoevokeasenseofmystery,suspense,fearandterrorMostGothicstoriesinclude:•mysteryhappenings•frighteningscenes•supernaturaloccurrences•gloomylandscapes•incidentsofmadness•revelationsofshockingsecretsJaneEyreusesmany