动词不定式的形式

动词不定式◆动词不定式的形式动词不定式（theInfinitive）是一种非谓语动词,由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定式是“notto+动词原形”。动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词，但仍保留动词的特征，它可以有自己的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语。如tostudyhard，toplaybasketball。Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的时态和语态主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing—————完成进行式tohavebeingdoing—————时态语态Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的时态和语态1.Katehopestobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.凯特希望今年能成为一名大学生。2.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.很抱歉让你久等了。3.Theyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.他们似乎正在讨论重要的事情。4.ShewishestobesenttoworkinShanghai.她希望能被派到上海工作。Examples：Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能1．作主语Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.注意：动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。如：Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithhim.Itisagreatpleasuretoseeyouagain.Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能3．作宾语（1）有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有：ask,want,try,hope,wish,learn,choose,decide,expect,afford等。如：Lucywantstobuyacomputer.Wecan’taffordtogoonvacationthisyear.2．作表语HiswishistobecomeabasketballstarlikeYaoMing.Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能3．作宾语（2）不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。如：Ifinditinterestingtostudyyoga.Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能4．作复合宾语中宾语补足语常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,invite,help,tell,hear，make等。如：Iinvitedhertohavecoffee.Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能4．作复合宾语中宾语补足语注：（1）在feel,hear,see,watch,notice等感官动词或let,make,have等使役动词后面，复合宾语中的动词不定式通常不带to。但上述动词转换为被动结构时，其后的不定式仍须带to。如：Weoftenhearhimsingintheroom.Hewasseentoenterthetheatre.Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能5．作定语动词不定式可用作修饰名词或代词的定语，用作定语的不定式需跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Weneedsomeonetohelphimwiththetyping.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能6．作状语动词不定式可用作修饰动词或形容词的状语，通常放在其修饰的动词或形容词之后。如：(1)Theyoungoftencomeheretolistentotheoldmantellstories.(作目的状语)(2)EveryonewillbesurprisedtoseethechangesinBeijing.(作原因状语)(3)Thehallisbigenoughtoholdalotofpeople.(作结果状语)Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能7．动词不定式的其他用法(1)疑问词+动词不定式疑问词what，who，which，when，where，how和连词whether之后，可跟一个带“to”的不定式，构成一个特殊的不定式短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语。如：Howtogettherehasnotbeendecidedyet.（主语）Katedidn’tknowwhattosay.（宾语）Grammar动词不定式◆动词不定式的句法功能7．动词不定式的其他用法（2）“for+名词或代词宾格+不定式”和“of+名词或代词宾格+不定式”的用法当前面的形容词表示不定式行为的特点时，常用“for+名词或代词宾格+不定式”结构引出不定式的逻辑主语；而当前面的形容词表示不定式逻辑主语，即行为人的品行特点时，则用“of+名词或代词宾格+不定式”结构引出不定式的逻辑主语。如：It’simpossibleforhimtofinishtheworkhimself.It’sverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.GrammarA.Readandtranslate.1.Eachbirdlovestohearitselfsing.2.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.3.Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.4.Itishardtopleaseall.5.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.6.Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.Grammar人人都有悦己之心。早睡早起，健康、财富、智慧伴你行。吃饭为了生存，但生存不能只为了吃饭。众口难调。活到老，学到老。珍惜时间就是延长生命。B.Thinkandmatch.1.Hiswishis2.It’sfun3.Shedidn’tworkhardenough4.Mr.Linrefused5.Sheisaniceperson6.Theyaskedmea.toworkwith.b.nottoworryabouttheaccident.c.tobecomeascientist.d.topasstheexam.e.totalkwithhismanager.f.toswiminsummer.作定语作宾补作状语作宾语作主语Grammar作表语C.Thinkandrewrite.1.Thisbooktellsyouhowyoucanwinatchess.Thisbooktellsyou_______________atchess.2.CouldyoupleasetellmewhereIcanbuythedictionary?Couldyoupleasetellme_______________thedictionary?3.Thestudentsarediscussingwhattheywilldowiththerubbish.Thestudentsarediscussing___________withtherubbish.Manycountrieshavediscoveredhowtheycansavetheirrainforests.Manycountrieshavediscoveredhowtosavetheirrainforests.howtowinwheretobuywhattodoGrammarExampleA:C.Thinkandrewrite.“Pleasesendtheletterforme.”LilysaidtoMary.LilyaskedMarytosendtheletterforher.4.Mrs.Greensaidtous,“Turnoffthelightswhenleavingtheroom.”Mrs.Greentoldus________offthelightswhenleavingtheroom.5.“Don’tstayuptoolate,Tom”.Mothersaid.MothertoldTom______________uptoolate.6.“Don’tmakesomuchnoise!”Thepoliceorderedtheyoungman.Thepoliceorderedtheyoungman____________somuchnoise.toturnnottostaynottomakeExampleB:GrammarD.Readandcomplete.1.__________________(生活在上海)ismylifetimedream.2.Fatherpromised_______________________(给他买辆自行车)onhis18thbirthday.3.Couldyouhelpme_____________________（寻找钥匙）?Ican’tfindthem.4.Afterwalkingforthreehours,westopped_____________(休息)5.It’ssohottoday.I’dliketohave____________________(喝的东西).ToliveinShanghaitobuyhimanewbicycle(to)lookforthekeystohavearestsomethingtodrinkGrammarConsolidationWhathavewelearned?1.Therainforestandtheproblemsofit.greatesttreasure,valuable,warm,alotofrain,perfectForanimalsandplants,homeforhalfthespecies…Disappearing,beingcutforwood,clearedforcitiesandroads,burnedforfarmland…2.Waystoprotecttherainforest.Ecotourism,setasidelandaswildrainforest…3.Grammar:theInfinitive动词不定式作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语，作宾补，作表语疑问词+不定式，Don’tforgetthewordsandexpressions!HomeworkWhatwillwedo?1.Reviewthewordsandphrasesinthissection.2.Brainstormsomewordsaboutrainforests.3.Finishtheworkbookexercises.4.Readandretellthepassage.5.Discusswithyourfriendsabouthowtoprotectwildanimalsandwriteashortpassage.Andfinishofftheworkbook.