171Tasksfortoday’slessonCheckExs.3-4Chapter5TheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivity172Chapter5TheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivity1735.1TheNecessityoftheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivityToGuaranteetheSuccessfulAdvancementofTranslation(确保翻译工作的顺利进展)ToExtendtheLifeoftheOriginalWork(延长原作的生命)ToDisseminateCultures(传播文化)1745.2TheRequirementsfortheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivityGoodLanguageCompetenceCulturalBackgroundKnowledgeExtensiveKnowledgeEarnestDevotiontotheTask1755.3ManifestationsoftheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivitySelectionoftheSLTComprehensionoftheSLTSelectionoftheTranslationStrategy–DomesticationorforeignizationSelectionofLanguageForm–Formalorinformal,writtenorcolloquialReproductionoftheSLTintheTLTImprovementofTLT1765.4RestrictionsoftheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivityThetranslatorcanmobilizehisdynamicroletofulfilltranslationtasks,butheorsheisrestrainedbysomefactorsatthesametime.Firstofall,thetranslatorisrestrainedbytheoriginalauthorandtheSLT.Secondly,thetranslatorislimitedbytheage,regionandenvironmentinwhichheorshelives.Thirdly,thetranslatorislimitedbytheTLTreaders.177Examples直等到两个半月以后,尸身为人在无意中发现时,那个狡猾强悍的煤矿工人,在辰谿与芷江两县交界处的土匪队伍中称小头脑,干打家劫舍捉肥羊的生涯已多日了。(沈从文)[原译]Twoandahalfmonthslater,hisbodywasaccidentallydiscovered;butbythenthetough,craftyminerwasalreadyabanditchiefintheborderregionbetweenChenxiandZhijiang,lootingthevillagesandstealingfatsheep.“捉肥羊”inthedialectofthewestofHunan,meansthedeedofkidnappingtherichandextortingmoneyfromthem.178ExamplesItnowwrithedinconvulsionofpain,andwasaforcibletypeinitslittleframe,ofthemoralagonywhichHesterPrynnehadbornethroughouttheday.(TheScarletLetter)[原译]她这时正在痛苦的痉挛中扭捩着,她小小的身体,成了海丝特·白兰当天所忍受过来的精神痛苦的一个强有力的模型。[改译]女婴正在痛苦中抽搐着,扭动着她那小小的身躯。这完全象征着海丝特·白兰在白天里所经受的一切精神痛苦。179Examples严复的译文(为什么这样译?)Itmaybesafelyassumedthat,twothousandyearsago,beforeCaesar(100B.C.44B.C.)setfootinSouthernBritain,thewholecountrysidevisiblefromthewindowsoftheroominwhichIwrite,wasinwhatiscalled“thestateofnature”.赫胥黎独处一室之中,在英伦之南,背山而面野,槛外诸境,历历如在眼下。乃悬想两千年前,当罗马大将恺撒来到时,此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧,人功未施。1710Examples译文比较:选择译语的考虑Studiesservefordelight,forornamentand,forability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgementanddispositionofbusiness.(OfStudiesbyFrancisBacon)[译文1]读书足以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博采也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处事判事之际。(王佐良译)[译文2]求知可以作为消遣,可以作为装饰,也可以增长才干。当你孤独寂寞时,阅读可以消遣。当你高谈阔论时,知识可供装饰。当你处事行事时,正确运用知识意味着力量。(何新译)1711Examples翻译技巧的使用Theuseofbacteriologicalweaponsisaclearviolationoftheinternationallaw.[译文1]细菌武器的使用是对国际法的明显违反。[译文2]使用细菌武器显然违反国际法。使用了什么技巧:词性转换1712Examples翻译技巧的使用Avoidusingthiscomputerinextremecold,heat,dustorhumidity.[译文1]不要在过冷、热、灰尘、湿度的情况下使用此电脑。[译文2]不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。使用了什么技巧:增词,以使汉语译文意思清楚、语言通顺。1713Examples翻译技巧的使用Johnwasafoolfordanger.[译文1]约翰对危险是傻子。[译文2]约翰是天不怕地不怕的。使用了什么技巧:跳出字面,译出深层含义。1714Examples翻译技巧的使用Unlesssomethingismoved,noworkisdone.[译文1]除非某种东西被移动,否则功不会被完成。[译文2]除非某种物体移动了,否则就没有做功。使用了什么技巧:改变语态:被动改为主动。1715Examples翻译技巧的使用心较比干多一窍,病如西子胜三分。[译文1]ShehadmorechambersinherheartthanthemartyredBiGan;andsufferedatithemorepaininitthanthebeautifulXiShi.(translatedbyDavidHawkes)[译文2]ShelookedmoresensitivethanPikan①,moredelicatethanXiShih②.(Notes:1.AprincenotedforhisgreatintelligenceattheendoftheShangDynasty.2.AfamousbeautyoftheancientkingdomofYueh.(杨宪益译))使用了什么技巧:意译;加注。1716Examples翻译技巧的使用Andsomanyofthose“bestmen”havereturnedasamputeesandquadriplegiastolieinrancidhospitalswhichflytheflagthatMr.Agnewholdssoclose.[译文1]也是那些“优秀分子”中有这样多的人缺臂断腿,四肢瘫痪地回来,结果是躺在飘扬着阿格纽先生如此珍视的那面旗帜的、腐臭之气冲天的医院里。[译文2]那样多的“优秀分子”缺胳膊断腿,甚至四肢瘫痪回来,结果却躺在臭气熏天的医院里,而医院上空飘荡的正是阿格纽先生无比珍视的那面旗帜。使用了什么技巧:断句,因汉语的定语不能太长。1717Homework:Exercise517181719LuXunmadesuchremarks:simplyforthemotifofADreamofRedMansions,therearedifferentopinionsdependingonthereadersstandards:ConfuciansseeTheBookofChanges,neo-Confuciansseelewdness,talentedscholarsseepathos,revolutionistsseeexcludingtheManchus,andgossipmongersseepalacesecrets.(经济学家看到了《易》,道学家看到了淫,才子看到缠绵,革命家看到了排满,流学家看到了宫围秘事。)