关于高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的几点应试策略

关于高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的几点应试策略----南京外国语学校尚媛媛“Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.”–FrancisBacon(1561-1626)高考英语完形填空趋势从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，已经不再单纯考核学生语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。高考英语完形填空命题特点1.完形填空是一篇情景独立或相对完整的短文，词数在250-400词之内。2.在题材和体裁上，近几年大多选择夹叙夹议的议论文或故事相对完整的记叙文。大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪，或是充满了生活情趣。对应解题策略，应多从正面、积极的方面考虑。3.选项多为一词，偶尔会是词组。四选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或同形异义，或与前后搭配构成词组。故干扰性、迷惑性较大。高考英语完形填空命题特点4.考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%，其中又以动、名、形为主。通过语境、上下文内容，考查词汇在具体语境中的意义；一词多义的考点增多。5.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能做出正确判断和选择。2009、2010年江苏省高考英语完形词汇分布2009年江苏高考完形名词：6动词（词组）：5形容词、副词：4介词：3连词：22010年江苏高考完形名词：5动词（词组）：8形容词、副词：6连词：1英语完形填空解题步骤1.通读全文，统揽全局。2.逐句分析，确定选项。3.通盘理解，上下一致。4.复读全文，核对答案。完形填空解题策略1.充分重视上下文，发现并利用词汇复现信息，如：原词复现，或同义词、近义词的复现。2.结合前后语境，进行逻辑推理。3.利用生活常识。4.理解句子含义，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。高考完形失分的主要原因1.没有严格遵循答题步骤。2.不注意积累答题技巧：忽视文章中上下文之间的逻辑关系；不注意分析句子结构，在语义模糊时随主观想象选择答案。3.受到三类错误的影响：惯性思维的影响；汉语思维的影响；思维随意跳跃，逻辑关系混乱。完形填空实例分析Lifehasn’tbeentoo___1___attimes,butmywifetakescareofourmoneyandwehaveagoodbit___2___forarainyday.1.A.easyB.busyC.hardD.simple2.A.leftbehindB.usedupC.putawayD.sortedout√√Shesawmewithmynewfriendsand___1___thatwenolongersharedthesameexperiences.ShesawallthefunIwashaving____2___herandwishedshecouldbeapartofit.Shewishedshecouldbeintheirposition.1.A.regrettedB.wonderedC.promisedD.proved2.A.forB.fromC.withoutD.across√√Afterinitial______,KinggothisfirstbreakasaDJonaMiamistation.In1960,hebeganhisfirstprogramonMiamitelevision.HisMiamiradioshowreally_______andhebecamealocalstar.1.A.failuresB.victoriesC.weaknessesD.rewards2.A.showedoffB.tookoffC.turnedupD.linedup√√WhenImetthemanwhobecamemypartnerforlife,welookedeachother____1___intheeye,andhetoldmeIwasbeautifulinsideandout.He___2____it.“Holdyourheaduphigh”hasbeenheardmanytimesinmyhome.Eachofmychildrenhasfeltits___3____.Thegiftmymamagavemelivesoninanother___4____.1.A.straightB.directC.oppositeD.outside2.A.changedB.repeatedC.meantD.realized3.A.impressionB.differenceC.invitationD.appreciation4.A.generationB.organizationC.populationD.revolution√√√√2010年江苏省高三百校大联考C卷NoonereallyknowshowtheancientEgyptiansbuildthepyramids.ButMaureenClemmonshasa(n)____36____.ShethinkstheEgyptians___37____haveusedkites.“Ifyoulookatthetopcenterofeverymonument,youseewings,”Clemmonssaid.“IthinktheEgyptianshavebeentryingtotellus____38____picturesfor3,000yearsthatthisishowtheybuiltthepyramids.”Shethinksthat____39____Egyptianworkersmightmakeuseofkitesto____40____thestoneswiththehelpofthe____41_____wind.Shegotateamofaeronauticengineersto____42____hertestthetheory.Yesterday,intheMojaveDesert,they____43____theirtheorytothetestusinganylonkite,threepulleys(滑轮)andanobelisk(stonetower)thatweighsnearlyfour____44_____.Thewindspeedhadtobejustright.Andamazingly,it____45_____.Butthefactthatitcanbedonedoesn’tnecessarilymeanthat’s____46____theancientEgyptiansdidit.“There’s_____47____noevidenceforkitesinancientEgypt,”saidProfessorCarolRedmountoftheUniversityofCalifornia.“There’s_____48_____evidenceofpulleysasweknowthemtoday.”Redmountsaysthehistoricalevidence_____49_____the“CharltonHestonmethod,”whichbasicallyreliesonthe_____50____ofslavespushingandpullinghugestoneblockstocreatethepyramids._____51_____thekite-liftinggroupwillhave____52_____ofthat.“AllIcanrememberfromhistoryisthatEgyptiansdrankbeerforbreakfast,lunchanddinner,and_____53_____someonewhohasdone_____54____researchondrinkingbeer,IknowafterI’vehadtwobeersandit’sreallyhot.I’mnotpushingorpullinganything,”Clemmonssaid.“So,I____55____I’dtrytothinkanotherway.”36.A.ideaB.wayC.aimD.theory37.A.mightB.wouldC.mayD.must38.A.onB.inC.byD.about39.A.bestB.latestC.earliestD.youngest40.A.liftB.raiseC.riseD.hold41.A.seaB.desertC.westD.north42.A.helpB.makeC.letD.offer43.A.proveB.baseC.getD.put44.A.poundsB.tonsC.kilogramsD.gallons45.A.didB.resultedC.workedD.affected46.A.howB.whyC.whereD.what47.A.relativelyB.absolutelyC.exactlyD.nearly48.A.anyB.someC.fewD.no49.A.referstoB.arrivesatC.pointstoD.aimsat50.A.bodyB.shoulderC.handD.shoulder51.A.ButB.AndC.SoD.Though52.A.nothingB.noneC.anythingD.something53.A.aswellB.asifC.asD.yet54.A.fieldB.physicsC.chemistryD.area55.A.wishedB.imaginedC.wonderedD.figured36-40DCBCA41-45BADBC46-50ABDCD51-55ABCAD高考英语阅读题型分析高考英语阅读理解考查要点理解主旨和要义理解文中的具体信息根据上下文推断生词的词义作出判断和推理理解作者的意图、观点和态度高考英语阅读理解题得常见设题形式1.理解主旨大意题型特点：考查学生对文章中心思想或段落主题的理解能力已经区别主要信息和次要信息的能力。MainideaTitlePurpose命题规律：段首、段尾句常考需归纳段落或全文的主题概括文段标题的能力概括文章的写作目的提问方式：Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout______.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthetext?Thebesttitleofthepassageis_____.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?Thethemeofthepassageis_____.理解全文大意策略：1.找主题句2.概括段落大意，总结3.借助文章主线和关键词，提炼4.利用典型事例推断2.理解文中具体信息题型特点：阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或寻求所需的细节。注意事项：事实、细节不会孤立出现，结合前后内容，善于利用因果、类比、时间、空间关系遵循“本本主义”，文章里有什么信息就用什么信息（仅限细节题），不可凭感觉发挥。把握正确选项的特点，选项的表达用了不同的词语或句型表达同样的意思。命题规律：列举、并列处特殊标点符号处转折、对比处绝对性词汇、唯一性词汇以及最高级处命题形式：直接细节题间接细节题数字计算题排列顺序题3.根据上下文推断生词的词义题型特点：考查学生在不同语