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病史•男性,54岁,活动后气促3年,加重1月,2016-01-08入院•3年前出现症状,当时(2012-11-30)我院心超示双房增大,室间隔增厚(12mm),左室多壁段收缩活动异常,轻度肺动脉高压,LVEF36%。冠脉CTA(-)。•诊断心功能不全,给予地高辛、呋塞米、螺内酯、华法林、卡维地洛、贝那普利等治疗后症状好转。3年间症状有反复。•2015-11-16我院门诊随访,心超示双房增大,LVDd54mm,轻度二尖瓣反流,左室多壁段收缩活动异常,LVEF42%。•长期服用螺内酯导致乳房发育。•否认高血压病史,家系中无类似病例。查体•HR65次/分,BP92/74mmHg•巩膜轻度黄染•颈静脉充盈,肝颈静脉反流征(-)•肺:双肺呼吸音清,右下肺呼吸音较低,可闻及湿性啰音•心:心界不大,HR65次/分,律不齐,杂音未闻及•腹部:肝右肋下1-2指,软,无触痛或叩击痛,移动性浊音(-)•双下肢不肿实验室检查(2016-01-09)•肝功能:TBIL41.5μmol/L,CBIL20.8μmol/L,Alb41g/L,ALT13U/L,AST21U/L,LDH270U/L,γ-GT130U/L•肾功能:BUN5.7mmol/L,Cr87μmol/L,eGFR88ml/min•血脂:HDL-C0.84mmol/L,LDL-C1.58mmol/L,TG1.11mmol/L•电解质:Na136mmol/L,K3.3mmol/L•心脏标志物:cTnT0.082ng/ml,CK97U/L,CK-MB11U/L,NT-proBNP10443pg/ml•血常规:Hb123g/L,Plt183×109/L,WBC6.95×109/L,N65.2%•甲状腺功能:FT34.2pmol/L,FT423.8pmol/L,hs-TSH2.22uIU/ml•凝血功能:PT31.0s,APTT45.5s,INR2.59•糖代谢:FBG5.9mmol/L,P2hBG10.0mmol/L,HbA1c7.9%•血肿瘤标志物:AFP、CEA、CA199、Cyfra211、NSE均(-),CA125279.2U/ml(<35U/ml)ECG房颤,心室内传导阻滞,低电压,V1-4呈QS型TTE腹部B超X线胸片心影增大,两侧胸腔积液冠脉CTA诊断•心功能不全•心功能Ⅲ级•心房颤动•胸腔积液治疗•托拉塞米20mgivbid→20mgivqd→20mgpoqd•螺内酯20mgqd•卡维地洛2.5mgbid•华法林1.25mgqd•培哚普利2mgqd•硝酸异山梨酯5mgtid•氯化钾缓释片1gtid•曲美他嗪20mgtid症状明显改善24h尿量1500~2500ml血液指标复查(2016-01-18)•肝功能:TBIL29.8μmol/L,CBIL14.1μmol/L•肾功能:BUN5.3mmol/L,Cr86μmol/L,eGFR90ml/min•电解质:Na137mmol/L,K4.0mmol/L•心脏标志物:NT-proBNP4926pg/ml(↓52.8%)•凝血功能:PT22.9s,APTT39.8s,INR1.87胸腔穿刺术(2016-01-18)•胸水常规:黄色、透明,无凝块,比重1.015,Rivalta试验(+),RBC2088/mm3,WBC551/mm3,N8%,L92%•胸水生化:LDH75U/L,ALB15.33g/L,胸水葡萄糖10.6mmol/L•细菌涂片、培养(-)•TB(-)•真菌涂片(-)Light指标:漏出液可能性较大讨论心功能不全病因:•原发性心肌损害:缺血性心脏病、心肌炎和心肌病、心肌代谢障碍性疾病•心脏负荷过重:(1)压力负荷过重:高血压病、主动脉瓣狭窄、肺动脉高压、肺动脉瓣狭窄等;(2)容量负荷过重:心脏瓣膜关闭不全、分流性先天性心脏病等限制性心肌病CAUSESOFRESTRICTIVECARDIOMYOPATHIESInfiltrative(BetweenMyocytes)AmyloidosisPrimary(lightchainamyloid)Familial(abnormaltransthyretin)Senile(normaltransthyretinoratrialpeptides)SarcoidosisFattyinfiltrationStorage(WithinMyocytes)Hemochromatosis(iron)Fabry’sdiseaseGlycogenstoragedisease(II,III)Gaucher’sdiseaseHurler’sdiseaseFibroticRadiationSclerodermaEndomyocardialPossiblyrelatedfibroticdiseasesTropicalendomyocardialfibrosisHypereosinophilicsyndrome(Löffler’sendocarditis)CarcinoidsyndromeRadiationDrugs:e.g.,serotonin,ergotamineOverlapwithOtherCMPHypertrophiccardiomyopathy“pseudohypertrophic”MinimallydilatedcardiomyopathyEarly-stageDCMPartialrecoveryDCMSarcoidosisIdiopathic(includefamilial)心脏MRSelvanayagamJBetal.JAmCollCardiol.2007;50:2101-2110.FeaturesofCardiacAmyloidosisBasedonAmyloidTypeTypeofAmyloidosisPrecursorProteinUsualAgeatOnsetMainOrgansInvolvedAverageUntreatedSurvivalAL(primary)Abnormallightchains50+AllexcepttheCNSHeartinvolvedin50%Noncardiac,24mHeartfailure,9mFamilial(ATTR)MutantTTR20-70+PeripheralandautonomicneuropathyHeart7-10yearsforneuropathySenilesystemicamyloidosisWild-typeTTR70+Heart5-7yearsIsolatedatrialamyloidosisAtrialnatriureticpeptideUnknownCardiacatriaNoeffectonsurvivalAA(secondryamylodosis)SerumamyloidATeensupwordLiver,Kidney.Heartrarely10+years轻链和免疫固定电泳•尿κ轻链:8.7mg/L(0-7.1mg/L)•尿λ轻链:4.1mg/L•血κ轻链:2.04mg/L•血λ轻链:1.24mg/L活检和病理检查很遗憾。。。出院诊断•心功能不全(限制性心肌病可能性大)•心功能Ⅲ级•心房颤动•胸腔积液

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