分析化学习题络合滴定法解:由题意知lgK1=8.6,lgK2=6.9,lgK3=5.8lgK8.66.95.8Al3+│AlL2+│AlL2+│AlL3pL>8.6<5.8AlL3为主要型体时的pL<5.8[AlL]与[AlL2]相等时的pL为6.9pL为10.0时铝的主要型体为Al3+1.已知乙酰丙酮与Al3+络合物的累积形成常数lgβ1~lgβ3分别为8.6、15.5、21.5。AlL3为主要型体时的pL范围是多少?[AlL]与[AlL2]相等时的pL为多少?pL为10.0时铝的主要型体又是什么?解:40Ni43=δcβ[NH]33410β[NH]=β=0.65mol/L6.777.9634β=10β=10查表知,2+34[Ni(NH)]=2+33[Ni(NH)]=2+342+33[Ni(NH)]=[Ni(NH)]2+443β[Ni][NH]2+333β[Ni][NH]30Ni33=δcβ[NH]2+4432+333β[Ni][NH]β[Ni][NH]=106.777.961010==10-0.19102.在含有Ni2+-NH3络合物的溶液中,若[Ni(NH3)4]2+的浓度10倍于[Ni(NH3)3]2+的浓度,体系中游离氨的浓度[NH3]等于多少?解:查表知lgαY(H)=0.07;αHg(CN)=1+β1[CN-]+β2[CN-]2+β3[CN-]3+β4[CN-]4=1+1018.00×10-2.00+1034.70×(10-2.00)2+1038.53×(10-2.00)3+1041.51×(10-2.00)4=1033.55HgYHgYHgY(H)lgK=lgK-lgα-lgα=21.80-33.55-0.07=-11.82-11.82HgYK=103.若溶液的pH=11.00,游离CN-的浓度0.010mol/L,计算HgY络合物的条件形成常数。已知:Hg2+-CN-络合的逐级形成常数lgK1-lgK4分别为18.00,16.70,3.83和2.98。33.5515.733.55()()101010HgHgCNHgOH33.5515.733.55()()101010HgHgCNHgOH33.5515.733.55()()101010HgHgCNHgOH33.5515.733.55HgHg(CN)Hg(OH)α=α+α=10+1010解:-13.51=102H1a1K=K1H2a1K=K13.5-1013.5+7.3-102=1+1010+1010H+H+2In(H)12α=1+β[H]+β[H]13.5=10-7.31=107.3=104.铬蓝黑R的酸解离常数Ka1=10-7.3,Ka2=10-13.5,它与镁络合物的形成常数KMgIn=107.6。⑴计算pH=10.0时的pMgt;⑵以0.02000mol/LEDTA滴定2.0×10-2mol/LMg2+,计算终点误差;⑶与书中6-9的结果相比,选择那种指示剂更合适?3.5=10MgInIn(H)lgK-lgαMgInlgK==4.1spMgYMg,sppMg=1/2(lgK+pc)MgYlgK=8.7-0.45MgYYH(2)lgα=0.45lgK=8.7()查表知,=1/22.00+8.25()=7.6-3.5=8.25tpM==5.13tspΔpMg=pMg-pMgΔpMg-ΔpMgtM.spMgY10-10E=100%cK-1.021.028.2510-10=100%=-0.8%0.01010=-1.03=4.1-5.13(3)6-9计算结果Et=0.1%|-0.8%|,故用铬黑T作指示剂更好。解:⑴查表知lgKThY=23.2,lgKLaY=15.5由于混合液中Th4+、La3+浓度相等ΔlgK=lgKThY-lgKLaY=23.2-15.5=7.7>6【结论】Th4+、La3+可以分步滴定。5.浓度均为2.0×10-2mol/L的Th4+、La3+混合溶液,欲用0.02000mol/LEDTA分别滴定,试问⑴有无可能分步滴定?⑵若在pH=3.0时滴定Th4+,能否直接准确滴定?⑶滴定Th4+后,是否有可能滴定La3+?讨论滴定La3+适宜的范围,已知La(OH)3的Ksp=10-18.8。⑷滴定La3+时选择何种指示剂较为适宜?为什么?已知pH<2.5时La3+不与二甲酚橙显色。ThYlgK=23.2-13.50=9.73+15.5013.50Y(La)LaYα=1+K[La]=100.010=1010.6013.5013.50YY(H)Y(La)α=α+α=10+10=10ThYYlgK-lgα=Th,spThYlgcK=-2.0-9.7=7.763+La,sp[La]=c=0.010mol/L⑵查表pH=3.0时lgαY(H)=10.60【结论】pH=3.0时.Th4+可以直接准确滴定。ThYLaY(3)lgK-lgK=由于4+3+ThLa滴定后,可以滴定Y(H)lgα(max)=pH4.5查表知其最低3+[La]=0.010mol/L时为此,最低酸度:-[OH]=4+Th当时积恰好滴定完全,溶液体增大一倍,pOH=5.60pH=8.423.2-15.5=7.76MYlgK-8=15.5-8=7.5sp33+K=[La]-18.8310=0.010-62.510mol/L()【结论】滴定La3+的适宜酸度为pH=4.5-8.4。(4)设滴定在pH=5.5的缓冲溶液中进行,查表知lgαY(H)=5.51,LaYlgK=15.5-5.51=10.03+La,spLaEDTAc=0.0067mol/L与反应至计量点时,spLaspLaY1pLa=pc+lgK2,()=1/22.17+10.0=6.08()-1.081.08t10.010-10E=100%=-0.15%0.006710ΔpLa=5.0-6.08=-1.08tpLa=5.0可用二甲酚橙为指示计,查表知【结论】pH=5.5时可用二甲酚橙做指示剂。解:(1)查表[HgI4]2-的积累形成常数分别为1012.87、1023.82、1027.60、1029.83αHg(I)=1+1012.82×0.010+1023.87×0.0102+1027.60×0.0103+1029.83×0.0104=1022.046.浓度均为2.0×10-2mol/L的Cd2+、Hg2+混合溶液,欲在pH=6.0时,用0.02000mol/LEDTA滴定其中的Cd2+,试问(1)用KI掩蔽混合溶液中的Hg2+,使终点时碘离子浓度[I]=0.010mol/L,能否完全隐蔽?lgK'CdY为多少?(2)已知二甲酚橙与Cd2+、Hg2+都显色,在pH=6.0时,lgK‘Cd-OX=5.5,lgK’Hg-OX=9.0,能否用二甲酚橙做滴定Cd2+的指示剂(即此时Hg2+是否与指示剂显色)?(3)若能以二甲酚橙作指示剂,终点误差为多少?终点时Hg2+的浓度为2+Hg(I)[Hg][Hg]==αHg,spHg(I)c=α22.040.010=10-24.0410(mol/L)2+Hg计算结果表明在一定条件下被完全掩蔽2+YH4pH=6.0α=4.65[CdI]积()查表知:,;的累形2.103.434.445.4110101010成常数分别为、、、2.103.4324.443Cd(I)α=1+100.010+100.010+100.0105.414+100.010=0.4010CdYCdYY(H)Cd(I)lgK=lgK-lgα-lgα=16.46-4.65-0.40=11.411=(2.00+11.41)2spCd,spCdY1pCd=pc+lgK2()=6.70Cd-OXtsppH=6.0lgK=pCd=5.5pCd,与相差不大,2+2+Cd[Hg]剂时能用二甲酚橙作滴定的指示。此-24.0410mol/L时此,sptHg-OXpHgpHg=lgK=9.0(2)EDTA计点时滴定至量:spMspMY1pM=pc+lgK2,()pHg24.04【结论】Hg2+不与二甲酚橙显色。epsp3ΔpCd=pCd-pCd=()5.5-6.7=-1.2ΔpCd-ΔpCdtCdspCdY10-10E=100%cK,-1.21.211.4110-10100%0.01010=-0.03%解:由题意知4.100.0500024.30100.0/25.00Mg%=100%0.50001000=3.99%7.称取0.5000g铜锌镁合金,溶解后配成100.0mL试液。移取25.00mL试液调至pH=6.0,用PAN作指示剂,用37.30mL0.05000mol/LEDTA滴定Cu2+和Zn2+。另取25.00mL试液调至pH=10.0,加KCN掩蔽Cu2+和Zn2+后,用4.10mL等浓度的EDTA溶液滴定Mg2+,然后再滴加甲醛解蔽Zn2+,用上述EDTA13.40mL滴定至终点。计算试样中铜、锌、镁的质量分数。滴定Zn2+消耗EDTA13.40mL2+13.400.0500065.39100.0/25.00Zn%=100%0.50001000=35.05%2+CuEDYA37.30-13.40=23.90mL积滴定消耗的体2+23.900.0500063.55100.0/25.00Cu%=100%0.50001000=60.75%