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GrammarNounClausesSubjectClauseObjectClausePredicativeClauseAppositiveClause主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句试判读下列名词性从句的类型：1.Iwonder,Mr.Adams,ifyou’dmindusaskingafewquestions.2.Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountry?3.Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplan.4.Hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrothers’dinneronthetable.5.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand.6.Weknowyou’rehard-working.7.That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.宾从宾从宾从宾从表从宾从表从连接代词在从句中充当的成分翻译成whowhomwhosewhichwhat引导名词性从句的连接词：主语谁宾语谁定语谁的主语/定语哪一个主语,宾语,表语什么;所谓的...连接副词在从句中充当的成分翻译成whenwherewhyhow时间状语什么时候地点状语在哪里原因状语为什么方式状语怎么样连接词/从属连词在从句中充当的成分翻译成thatwhether/if不充当任何成分无词义是否whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever译成“无论...”,是泛指，所充当的成分与what,who,whom,when,where一样，但语气比其相对应的连接词要强烈。连接词--ever引导的名词性从句eg:ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedforwhateverhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.eg:Wepromise____attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever概念：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。放在主句的谓语动词(系动词)之后。eg:Theproblemiswhocoulddothework.eg:Thisiswhatheisworriedabout.eg:Thatiswherehewasborn.eg:Thisishowshedidit.eg:Thatiswhyhewaslate.一、表语从句：连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/howeg:Thefactisthatthechildislying.(1)that引导的表语从句:无任何意义,不充当任何句子成分,但不能省略。eg:Thereasonisthatwecan’tgetthereontime.eg:Thequestioniswhetherpeoplewillbuyit.eg:WhatIwanttoknowiswhetherIshouldgothere.连接词/从属连词:that/whether/asif/because(2)whether引导的表语从句:译为“是否”,不充当任何句子成分。（不能用if）eg:Helooksasifhewereangry.(3)asif引导的表语从句：译为“好像”,不充当任何句子成分。eg:Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis_______about71%ofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.because(4)because引导的表语从句：译为“因为”,不充当任何句子成分。that,why,because引导的表语从句的区别：1.Thereason_______hewaslatewas_______hemissedthefirstbusthismorning.2.Iwaslateforschoolthismorning.That’s_______Istayeduptoolatelastnight.3.Istayeduptoolatelastnight.That’s______Iwaslateforschoolthismorning.whythatbecausewhy概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在句中的位置：(1)作动词的宾语：eg:Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)作介词的宾语：eg:Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.二、宾语从句：(3)作形容词的宾语：eg:Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.常跟that宾语从句的adj.有:anxious,certain,confident,sorry,determined,satisfied,disappointed,worried,proud,surprised,glad,thankful,pleased等(4)带有it作形式宾语的宾语从句：eg:IfinditnecessarythatwestudyEnglish.句型2：like/dislike/hate/appreciate+it+宾语从句eg:Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.eg:IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.句型1：think/find/feel/make/consider+it+adj./n.+从句形式宾语宾补宾语从句eg:Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.eg:Doyouknowwhowillcomeatthemeeting?eg:Pleasetellmewhichschoolyouwanttogo.连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/howeg:Youmayaskhimwhenhecomes.eg:Tellmehowshelookedafterheroperation.that引导的宾语从句:无任何意义,不充当任何句子成分,可以省略。连接词/从属连词:that/whether/ifeg:Iknow(that)youhavemethim.注意:以下3种情况that在宾语从句中不能省.(1)有两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个that不能省。eg:Hesaid(that)hehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.(2)与动词相隔离得宾语从句一般不省略that.eg:Theteachertellsusveryoftenthatweshouldstudyhard.(3)用it作形式宾语的宾语从句，that不省略。eg:Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.情况whetherif1.从句置于句首时★2.从句作介词宾语时★3.从句作doubt（肯定句），discuss，consider等动词的宾语时★doubt口语时用但较少4.后接todo时★5.后接ornot时★6.从句为否定句时★7.用if容易产生歧义时★whether/if引导的宾语从句：译为“是否”,一般可互换。但要注意whether和if引导宾语从句时的区别：请说明以下宾语从句中，连接词为何只能用whether或if：1.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.2.Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostay.3.Hedoesn’tknowwhetherhewasreadyornot.4.Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.5.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan.6.SheaskedmeifTomdidn’tcome.7.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouintendtocome.Pleaseletmeknowifyouintendtocome.A：if引导宾语从句,“请让我知道你是否想来。”B：if引导条件状语从句,“如果你打算来，请让我知道。”___前有介词_____后接todo_______________________后接ornot放在句首表强调从句作discuss的宾语从句为否定句用if产生歧义注意：在宾语从句中，动词doubt用于肯定句时连接词用whether/if(if口语时用)，用于否定结构或疑问结构时，用that引导。Idoubtwhetherhewillbeagoodteacher.Idon’tdoubtthathewillbeagoodteacher.Doyoudoubtthathewillbeagoodteacher?注意:“一坚持，二命令，四建议，五要求”所在名词性从句中的虚拟语气：一坚持:insist二命令:order,command四建议:advise,suggest,recommend,propose五要求:request,require,demand,desire,urge其后接的名词性从句v.用(should)doeg:Thekingorderedthattheprisoners_______________(kill)thenextday.eg:Mydemandisthatshe____________(come)toseemeonceaweek.eg:Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory_________(be)closeddown.(should)bekilled(should)come(should)be宾从表从同位从补充：在表语从句中，主语是表示“建议、命令、要求、计划”（suggestion，advice,proposal,order,command,request,requirement,demand,plan）等名词时，表语从句应该用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoffearlytomorrow.疑问词+ever的用法归纳