1初中完型填空题解题技巧一、完形填空的特点是什么?完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力的典型题,难易程度与初中教材相当,词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设一空。人名、地名、日期等不在设空之列。隔词数越少,题目越难;反之亦然。文体多以记叙文为主,首句通常不设空。考查内容集中在对名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字,不认得字、词语的情况下,能否通过推理判断、综合分析等全面理解文章的正确意思,然后把答案填入空白处,使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇,即重在文意的干扰,把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去,考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。二、完形填空题的设置方法1.句子层次的设空(从词汇、惯用法,语法规则的实际应用方面进行设计)指那些只需读懂“空格”所在句子便可选出答案的题目,包括词义识别,同义词辨析,英语惯用法,语法规则的实际应用。例1:Whenyoutakeyourclothesoff,rememberto86.Getintothehabitof(养成…的习惯)takingglassesandplatesdowntothekitchen.Beforelongyou’llbedoingitwithoutthinking.()86.A.hangthemupB.leavethemaloneC.putthemonD.throwthemaway例2:OnlyMother’sLoveistruelove.Shegivesyoueverythingallherlife.Whenyouareababy,motherlooksafteryou16.Inyourwakinghoursshealwaysholdsyouinherarms.Whenyouareill,she17herworkrightawaytolookafteryou.Whenyouaregrowingup,shefeels18.()16.A.carefulB.carefullyC.goodD.badly()17.A.doesB.goesonC.stopsD.likes()18.A.sadB.sillyC.upsetD.happy2.句群层次的设空(从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)指根据上下文的内容,经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。这种题目相对较难,但只要你能根据上下文的内容进行考虑,一定能选出正确的答案。①前制性设空:即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。例1:ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!ItmeantIhadto____infrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!A.writeB.speakC.singD.dance例2:Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents.Oneminutethey’refriendly,thenextminutethey’reshoutingandscreaming(尖叫)loudlyenoughforthewholestreettohear.Sowhomakesthemso85.You,probably!()85.A.friendlyB.lonelyC.changeableD.comfortable(舒适的)②后制性设空:指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目,即在下文某处有提示。例1:Nobody____himinthevillage.Onedayhesaidtothem,“Iknowyoudon’tlikeme…”A.believedB.likedC.hatedD.knew例2:Countrymusiccomesfrom____kindsofmusic.OneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedStates.TheotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest.A.manyB.allC.twoD.threeEventhoughyoumaynotrealize(意识到)it,yourparentshaveboughtyoumanyclothes.Butthey’renotbuyingthemselvesnewthingseveryweek,arethey?Thesimpletruthisthatthereare2more87thingstospendmoneyon,liketheelectricity(电)billandfood.()87.A.interestingB.difficultC.importantD.surprising3.语篇性设空(从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。这种题目难度较高,需要我们在全面理解文章的正确意思下才能做出正确的选择,这种题目主要用于拉开优秀生与其他学生的分数,但题目不会太多。例:Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents….Youmightnotwanttoeat,butthinkofitfromtheparents’pointofview.Ifyoucooktwomealsaday,itmeans730mealsayear.Canyouimaginehowboringthiscanget?Imaginehowyourparentsfeelwhenyousayyou’renotreallyhungry.90,yourparentsareprobablyworriedthatyouaren’teatingenough.()90.A.InadditionB.InreturnC.AtmostD.Atlast三、完形填空解题步骤与要领第一步:细读首句,跳过空格,通读全文,掌握大意细读首句:明确短文话题,了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。跳过空格,快速通读,领会大意,把握中心。生词的处理;跳过、判断词性、了解大意、猜测。第二步:上下联系,逐句阅读,先易后难,初定答案。答案要求语法正确,搭配无误,结构完整,意思通顺,前后一致,逻辑得当。怎样分析:A.从空格所在的句子单独考虑。B.从空格所在的前后2-3句考虑。C.从整个段落、整篇短文考虑。思路一:分析句子结构,从语法和句型结构考虑。思路二:理解句子含义,判断句义关系,从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。思路三:把握整体意思,寻找答题线索,从上下文考虑。思路四:结合前后语境,进行逻辑推理,从日常生活常识考虑。第三步:复读全文,逐个核对,验证答案,坚定信心。▲怎样验证答案:①所选答案是否能使全文流畅,逻辑推理是否正确。②具体实事是否成立,前后关系是否理顺。③语法是否正确,其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。④在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中,反复阅读。四、具体的解题方法与技巧在解题时,除了运用“前制性设空”、“后制性设空”和“语篇性设空”的知识进行解题外,还有下面三种方法与技巧可供参考。(1)语意第一,语法第二原则。根据文化背景和生活常识,利用上下文线索,分析并列句的因果关系,可以选出正确答案。例1:Ayoungfatherwasvisitinganoldneighbor.Theywerestandingintheoldman'sgardenandtalkingabout______.A.treesB.flowersC.childrenD.oldpeople【点拨】【Ayoungfatherwasvisitinganoldneighbor.Theywerestandingintheoldman'sgarden,andtalkingabout__________.Theyoungmansaid,Howstrictshouldparentsbewiththeirchildren?】例2:LittleTomwonderedwhatwouldhappentotheeggs.Twoweekslater,littleTomfoundsomechicks____outoftheshells(蛋壳).A.walkedB.ranC.jumpedD.struggled3例3:IttookCharlieMuiseveralmonthstosaveupsevendollars.Hewantedto______amodelplaneandwenttotheshopwiththemoneyA.sellB.buyC.holdD.bring(2)语法正确,注意细节的原则。在语意正确的前题下,还要根据学过的语法知识,词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面选择正确答案。如:例1:Onenightthedogbegantobarksuddenly.ItmadeMrErens___①___tosleep.Hehadtogetupandtriedhis__②___tostopit,butthebeastwouldn'tstop,andkepton____③___.①A.gonotB.notgoC.nottogoD.tonotgo②A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best③A.barkB.tobarkC.barkingD.barked例2:MrEvansisanoldmanofaboutsixty,Hiswifediedafewyearsago.Hischildren______himbythen.A.leftB.wouldleaveC.haveleftD.hadleft?(3)从语法方面,根据所给答案的不同词类,从不同角度分别考虑选择。a.名词的选择,应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词,注意其性和数的一致。b.动词的选择,要注意词义和惯用搭配,还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。c.介词的选择,应注意其惯用法,特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。d.代词的选择,要注意性(男或女)、数(单复数)、格(主格、宾格、形代、名代)是否准确。e.连词的选择,要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。f.形容词和副词的选择,要注意词义的区别,用于比较时,还要注意比较级和最高级等。例如:Amanandhiswifehadasmallbar(酒吧)nearastation.Theyoftenworkedlateintothenight,____①__peoplecametodrinktherewhiletheywere__②__trains.Attwoo'clockonemorning,onemanwasstillatatableinthesmallbar.Hewasasleep.Thebarman'swifewantedtoleave.Shelooked_③__thebarseveraltimes,andeachtimethemanwas___④__there,Thenatlastshewenttoherhusbandandsaidtohim,You__⑤__thatmansixtimes,George,___⑥__heisn'tdrinkinganything??①A.assoonasB.becauseC.soD.though②A.catchingupwithB.gettingonC.lookingafterD.waitingfor③A.atB.forC.intoD.outof④A.alwaysB.oftenC.stillD.already⑤A.havewokenB.wakeC.hadwokenD.willwake⑥A.andB.butC.yetD.too五、【实例讲解】【例