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TheTheoryandPracticeofGroupPsychotherapy团体心理治疗的理论和实践李仑Uniquebenefitsofgrouptherapy:团体治疗的独特益处Opportunityforpatientsto患者有机会：1)seethattheyarenotisolatedandaloneinhavingproblems=universality普遍性：发现他们的问题不是独特的2)discoverpersonalresourcesforlisteningtoandunderstandingothers发现自己能够倾听且理解他人的个人资源3)demonstratetothetherapist,notjusttalkabout,patternsofinterpersonalrelating向治疗师显示，不仅谈论，而且显示人际关系的模式4)gaininsightintoeffectsofcharacterologicalstylesmorequicklyanddramatically更快也更明显地领悟到特色形式的效果Individual个体Groupasawhole作为整体的团体Interpersonal人际TheTherapeuticFactors治疗因子Instillationofhope希望重塑Universality普遍性Existentialfactors存在因子Impartinginformation传递信息Altruism利他主义Thecorrectiverecapitulationoftheprimaryfamilygroup原生家庭的矫正性重现Catharsis宣泄Developmentofsocializingtechniques提高社交技巧Imitativebehavior模仿行为Interpersonallearning人际学习Groupcohesiveness团体凝聚力1.Patientslearnhowtheirbehaviorisviewedbyothers.患者知道他人如何看待他们的行为2.Patientslearnhowtheirbehaviormakesothersfeel.患者明白了他们的行为带给他人的感受3.Patientslearnhowtheirbehaviorcreatestheopinionsothershaveofthem.患者明白了他们的行为如何创造了他人对他们的观点4.Patientslearnhowtheirbehaviorinfluencestheiropinionsofthemselves.患者明白了他们的行为如何影响他们对自己的看法Trustself-disclosureempathyacceptancetrustTrustself-disclosureempathyacceptancetrust信任自我暴露共情接纳信任TRUSTSELF-DISCLOSUREEMPATHYACCEPTANCETheroleofthetherapististofacilitatethedevelopmentofasupportive,cohesiveandstimulatingsocialmicrocosmandthentobearelativelytransparentmodel-settingparticipantinordertopromotethegroup'swork.治疗师的作用在于帮助建立支持性、凝聚力高且有活力的微型社会，然后为了推动团体工作的开展而成为一名相对透明的、设定模型的参与者1.Creationandmaintenanceofthegroup创造且维系团体2.Buildingagroupculture建立团体文化3.Activatingthehere-and-now激活此时此地VerticalandHorizontalDisclosure垂直和水平暴露Verticaldisclosure=deepeningthematerialbeingpresented垂直暴露=深化呈现的材料Horizontaldisclosure=disclosureaboutthedisclosure水平暴露=有关暴露的暴露Content–whatisbeingtold内容-被告知的内容Process–howitisbeingtoldandhowitisrespondedto过程-被告知的方式以及回应的方式a.Speakabouttheirfeelings谈论他们的感受b.Maintainconfidentiality保持保密c.Ifapplicable,paytheirbill如果可行，付费d.Comeontime准时来e.Stayforthewholetime不中途退席f.Cometoeachmeeting不缺席g.Keepingrelationshipstherapeuticratherthansocial保持关系是治疗性的，而不是社会性的h.Puttingfeelingsintowords,notactions将感受转化成语言，而不是行动i.Stayinginthegroupuntiltheyhavereachedtheirgoals留在团体中，直至目标达成j.Takingtimetosaygoodbyewhengoalshavebeenmet目标达致后，花时间进行分离a.Interpersonalcapacity人际能力b.Motivationtochange改变的动机c.Abilitytodefinegoalsandareastobechanged定义要改变的目标和领域的能力d.Positiveanticipationfromparticipationingroup参与团体的积极预期e.Abilitytotolerateanxietyandstress忍受焦虑和压力的能力f.Abilitytoexpressfeelings表达感受的能力g.Capacityforimpulsecontrol冲动控制的能力h.Abilitytofeelsafeandtrust感到安全和信任的能力i.Capacitytogiveandreceiveassistance给予和接受帮助的能力j.Capacitytoacceptstructure接受结构的能力ExclusionCriteria:排除标准a.Acutepsychosis急性精神病b.Homicidalorsuicidal自杀c.Severesociopathictraits严重的反社会特质d.Tooregressedorthoughtdisordered过于退行或想法紊乱e.Reliesprimarilyondefensessuchasmassivedenial,withdrawal,regression,avoidance,projection,externalizationofconflict,actingout主要依靠防御机制，如否认、退缩、退行、回避、投射、冲突外表化，诉诸行动。g.Severedreadofselfdisclosure极度害怕自我暴露h.Activesubstanceabuse物质滥用活跃期i.Highlevelofparanoia严重偏执狂j.Inabilitytotolerategroupsetting无法忍受团体设置k.Inabilitytoagreetothegroupguidelines无法同意团体方针l.Lackofinterestinothers对他人缺乏兴趣m.Lowintelligenceororganicity智力低下n.Insufficientcommandofthelanguage语言的掌握不足o.Non-psychologicalmindedness无心理学头脑p.Severephysicalillness严重的身体疾病PhasesofGroupDevelopment团体发展的阶段Forming形成Storming暴风雨Norming规范Performing操作Adjourning中止HOLDING抱持ATTACHMENT依恋PASSIONATEEXPERIENCE激情体验EYE-TO-EYEVALIDATION坦诚相待的确认IDEALIZATIONANDIDENTIFICATION理想化和认同MUTUALITYANDRESONANCE共同性和共鸣EMBEDDEDNESS嵌入TENDING(CARE)照料（关心）