塔设备机械计算

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第四章塔设备机械设计塔设备设计包括工艺设计和机械设计两方面。机械设计是把工艺参数、尺寸作为已知条件,在满足工艺条件的前提下,对塔设备进行强度、刚度和稳定性计算,并从制造、安装、检修、使用等方面出发进行机构设计。4.1设计条件由塔设备工艺设计设计结果,并查相关资料[1],[9]知设计条件如下表。表4-1设计条件表已知设计条件塔体内径Di2000mm塔体高度H28000mm设计压力P1.0MPa设计温度t200℃塔体材料16MnR许用应力170MPa许用应力170MPa设计温度下弹性模量E1.9×105MPa常温屈服点345MPa厚度附加量C2mm塔体焊接接头系数ϕ0.85介质密度ρ783.92kg/m3塔盘数N40每块塔盘存留介质层高度hW80mm基本风压值q0400N/m2地震防烈度8度场地土类别Ⅱ类偏心质量me4000kg塔外保温层厚度δ100mm保温材料密度ρ2300kg/m3裙座材料Q235-A许用应力113MPa常温屈服点σs235MPa厚度附加量Cs2mm人孔、平台数6地脚螺栓材料Q235-A许用应力bt140MPa腐蚀余量C23个数n324.2设计计算4.2.1全塔计算的分段图4-1全塔分段示意图塔的计算截面应包括所有危险截面,将全塔分成5段,其计算截面分别为:0-0、1-1、2-2、3-3、4-4。分段示意图如图4-1。4.2.2塔体和封头厚度塔内液柱高度:34.23.15.004.05.0h(m)液柱静压力:018.034.281.992.783101066ghpH(MPa)计算压力:1HcpppMPa(液柱压力可忽略)圆筒计算厚度:94.60.185.0170220000.12cicpDp(mm)圆筒设计厚度:94.8294.6Cc(mm)圆筒名义厚度:108.094.81Ccn(mm)圆筒有效厚度:8210Cne(mm)封头计算厚度:93.60.15.085.0170220000.15.02cichpDp(mm)封头设计厚度:93.8293.6Chhc(mm)封头名义厚度:108.093.81Chchn(mm)封头有效厚度:8210Chnhe(mm)4.2.3塔设备质量载荷1.塔体质量查资料[1],[8]得内径为2000mm,厚度为10mm时,单位筒体质量为495kg/m,单个封头质量为364kg。通体质量:5.121275.244951m(kg)封头质量:72823642m(kg)裙座质量:14850.34953m(kg)塔体质量:5.1434014857285.1212732101mmmm(kg)0-1段:49514951-0,01m(kg)1-2段:135436424952-1,01m(kg)2-3段:135436424952-1,01m(kg)3-4段:4950104954-3,01m(kg)4-顶段:.55066364.59495-4,01顶m(kg)2.塔段内件质量查表5-4得[8],筛板塔塔盘质量2/65mkgqN,则塔体内件质量:81646540444202NiqNDm(kg)2-3段:5.10206554432,02m(kg)3-4段:9.387765194443,02m(kg)4-顶段:6.32656516444,02顶m(kg)3.保温层质量kgVVHDDmffnisni5.51163001729.15459.123005.2402.222.2422224222122022031-2段:9.1113001729.15459.121,03m(kg)2-3段:5.9983005202.222.242232,03m(kg)3-4段:19973001002.222.242243,03m(kg)4-顶段:1.200919975.9989.1115.51164,03顶m(kg)4.平台和扶梯质量查表5-4得[8],平台质量2/150mkgqP笼式扶梯质量2/40mkgqF平台数6n笼式扶梯总高度mHF65.26kgHqnqDBDmFFPnini7.503365.264015062122.202.44212222242222040-1段:4014010,04m(kg)1-2段:8024021,04m(kg)2-3段:3.86154015012122.202.442232,04m(kg)3-4段:6.172210401502222.202.442243,04m(kg)4-顶段:8.232965.8401502322.202.44224,04顶m(kg)5.操作时塔内物料质量kgVhNhDimfL1322792.7831729.18.1408.092.7834441102051-2段:5.91992.7831729.121,05m(kg)2-3段:3.54158.1508.092.7834432,05m(kg)3-4段:5.37411908.092.7834443,05m(kg)4-顶段:7.31501608.092.783444,05顶m(kg)6.人孔等附件的质量1.35855.1434025.025.001mma(kg)0-1段:8.12349525.025.010,0110,mma(kg)1-2段:5.338135425.025.021,0121,mma(kg)2-3段:8.618247525.025.032,0132,mma(kg)3-4段:5.1237495025.025.043,0143,mma(kg)4-顶段:.61266.5506625.025.0-4,01-4,顶顶mma(kg)7.充液质量kgVHDimWfWW8.7927510001729.110005.24444021-2段:9.117210001729.121,Wm(kg)2-3段:157001000514.332,Wm(kg)3-4段:3140010001014.343,Wm(kg)4-顶段:.9310021000729.111000.5914.34,顶Wm(kg)8.偏心质量已知再沸器:kgme40001-2段:140021,em(kg)2-3段:260032,em(kg)9.操作质量kgmmmmmmmmea8.5346640001.3585132277.50335.511681645.1434005040302010同理可得各段的操作质量如下:8.65810,0m(kg),9.420321,0m(kg),4.1398932,0m(kg)5.1752643,0m(kg),.3170884,0顶m(kg)10.最小质量kgmmmmmmmea6.3370840001.35857.50335.511681642.05.143402.004030201min同理可得各段的最小质量如下:8.65810min,m(kg),4.328421min,m(kg),7.775732min,m(kg)68.1068243min,m(kg),12.113254min,顶m(kg)11.最大质量kgmmmmmmmmeaW6.11951540001.35858.792757.50335.511681645.1434004030201max同理可得各段的最小质量如下:8.65810max,m(kg),3.445721max,m(kg),1.2427432max,m(kg)4518543max,m(kg),5.449404max,顶m(kg)综上可知塔的各种质量载荷计算结果如表4-2所示。表4-2质量载荷计算结果4.2.4自振周期33011033.90DiEHmHTe质量/kg0--11--22--33--44--顶m0114340.54951354247549505066.5m028164001020.53877.93265.6m035116.50111.9998.519972009.1m045033.74080861.31722.62329.8m05132270919.55415.33741.53150.7ma3585.1123.8338.5618.81237.51266.6me400001400260000mw79275.801172.9157003140031002.9m053466.8658.84203.913989.417526.517088.3mmin33708.6658.83284.47757.710682.6811325.12mmax119515.6658.84457.324274.14518544940.5式中H–––––塔设备高度,mmm0–––––操作质量,kgE–––––设计温度下弹性模量,MPaDi–––––塔体内径,mmδ–––––塔体有效厚度,mmsDiEHmHTe89.01020008109.1280008.534662800033.901033.9033533014.2.10地震载荷与地震弯矩1.水平地震力gmCFKKZK111式中CZ–––––综合影响系数,取CZ=0.5;mK–––––距离地面hK处的集中质量,kg;α1–––––对应于塔设备基本自振周期T1的地震影响系数α值;max9.01TTgαmax–––––地震影响系数的最大值,设计烈度8度时取αmax=0.45;Tg–––––各类场地土的特征周期,Ⅱ累场地、近震时取Tg=0.3。ηK1–––––基本振型参与系数;niiiniiiKKhmhmh1315.15.1109.02.0169.045.089.03.0max9.0max9.01TTg表4-3Excel计算水平地震力过程及结果0--11--22--33--44--顶各段操作质量mi,kg658.84203.913989.417526.517088.3各点距离地面高度500200055001300023000hi,mmhi1.511180.3489442.72407890.914822283488123mihi1.573656083.76E+085.71E+092.6E+105.96E+10515.1iiihmA91673880218hi31.25E+088E+091.66E+112.2E+121.22E+13mihi38.24E+103.36E+132.33E+153.85E+162.08E+17513iiihmB2.4878E+17A/B3.68493E-07ηki0.004120.0329590.1503050.5461911.285349水平地震力Fk1,N2.249902114.85561743.0037935.33418207.3以0--1段为例进行计算:00412.010488.210167.95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