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现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态Ihavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2011.构成have/has+过去分词现在完成时Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)现在完成时动词构成have/has+v过去分词(及物动词)助动词否定haven’thasn’t疑问Haveyou…?Hashe/she…?答语Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写＋ed.如：plan,stop,drop,fit(适合),prefer(更喜欢),travel4.以辅音字母＋y，结尾，变y为i＋edtry,study,carry,hurry,cry,worry,copy规则变化：1.+edwork,plant,call2.e+dlive,change,like,love,agree,save,hate,move,arrive,skate,hope,过去分词的构成注意：never,ever一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。1.never从来没有，从不，表示否定Hehasneverseensuchatallbuilding.他从未见过这么高的楼。2.ever曾经，主要用于疑问句Haveyoueverwantedtotravelaroundtheworld?你曾经想要周游世界吗？already已经，常用于肯定句中。一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前，但也可以放在句末。我已经看过这部电影了。Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.我已经解决了这个问题。Ihavealreadysolvedthisproblem.我已经做完家庭作业了。Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkalready.yet，在现在完成时句型中常置于句末。1)已经，常用在疑问句中。琳达已看过这本书了吗?HasLindareadthebookyet?你完成家庭作业了吗？Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?2)还，仍然，常用于否定句和疑问句。他还未开始工作。Hehasnotbeguntoworkyet.just刚刚，常用于肯定句中。一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。我刚吃过午饭。Ihavejustfinishedlunch.我们刚刚听说她的婚讯。Wehavejustheardofhermarriage.特征词:already(肯定句)yet(否定句和疑问句)never，ever(疑问句)just(谓语动词之前)before(句末）sofar,thesedays,for+时间段,since+时间点，since+句子（过去时）1.Haveyou________(曾经)beentoBeijing?No,_____(从来没有).2.Ihave______(刚刚)finishedmywork.3.Ihavefinishedmywork_______(已经).4.Haveyoufinishedyourwork______(已经)?5.ShehastaughtEnglish_____10years.6.Hehasworkedinthefactory______(自从)oneyearago.7.Ihaveheardofthestory_______(以前).everneverjustalreadyyetforsincebefore1.Excuseme.Haveyou_____(see)mydictionary?2.Haveyou_____(find)yourwalletyet?3.I____already_______(finish)myhomework.Let’sgoout.4._____you_____(read)today’snewspaperyet?根据所给单词的适当形式填空。seenfoundhavefinishedHaveread按要求进行句型转换1.Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.(一般问句，并作肯定、否定回答)2.IhaveneverbeentoBeijingbefore.(一般问句)3.Theyhavelearnedaroundfiveunits.(提问)Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t./Notyet.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingbefore?Whathavetheydone?have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeenin•have/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；•have/hasbeento:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;•have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。Exercises•Tom在哪儿？他去书店了。•我在北京待了5年了。•Jack去过上海两次了.-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshop.IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.1.whereisJim?HeWuhan.2.MyparentstheGreatWalltwice.Theylikethereverymuch.3.youevertotheplace?4.HowlongPetertheWestHillfarm?5.Mysistertheshop.Shewillbebackintwohours.6.SheShanghai.Sheisn’there.7.SheShanghai.Sheishere.8.SheShanghaifortwoyearshasgonetohavebeentoHavebeenhasbeeninhasgonetohasgonetohasbeentohasbeenin虽然这两个时态都和过去发生的事情有关，但是现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。如：瞬间动词在完成时中不和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:我来中国3年了。IhavecometoChinaforthreeyears.IhavebeeninChinaforthreeyears.IcametoChinathreeyearsago.threeyearsagonowcametoChinabeeninChina1.直接转化成延续性动词buycatch(get)acoldborrowcome/go/becomehavehaveacoldkeepbein/at2.转换成be+名词/介词短语jointhearmyjointhePartygotoschoolbeasoldierbeaPartymember/beamemberof…beastudent/beinschool3转换成be+形容词或副词diefinishbeginleavefallsleepcloseopenwakebedeadbeoverbeonbeawaybeasleepbeclosedbeopenbeawake/beinthearmy1.我们买这本书三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.2.他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态同义转换3.我借的这本书一周多了.Ihavekeptthebookforaweek.4.我成为一个学生两年多了.Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.5.MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.for和since在现在完成时中的应用for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）for后须接“时间段”HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点”HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.他从1999年开始学英语。（3）二者可以转换for+一段时间=since+一段时间+agoHehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.他到这儿已经有五个星期了。如：HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。(4)since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。（5）现在完成时常用句型：①Itis(hasbeen)+时间段+since+时间状语或从句ItisfourdayssincelastFriday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。IthasbeentwoyearssinceJimcametoBeijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。二选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsince选择for或since填空：1.Ihavebeenhere_____fivemonthsago.2.Hehasbeenasoldier____abouttwomonths.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_____youleft.4.Hisgrandpahasbeendead____tenyears.5.IhavestudiedEnglish______Iwas12yearsold.6.Itistwoyears_________Ibecameapostgraduatestudent.sinceforsinceforsincesince②Thisisthefirst(second…)timethat+从句句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：ThisisthefirsttimethatJennyandDannyhavebeentoChina.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。ThisisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenKaren.这是我第三次见到Karen。method1:diebeoverleaveborrow/arrivebeginfinishjoinmarrykeepbeawaybeherebeon(上演）bemarriedbeinbedeadbuyhadCome/goherebehere非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy—havebegin/start—beon