研究生英语 unit10 The role of academy in our society

Unit10TextA•TheRoleoftheAcademyinTimesofCrisis•ShirleyM.TilghmanIntroductiontotheauthorShirleyM.Tilghman•BornonSept.17,1946,Ontario,Canada•B.SinQueen'sUniversity,Ontario(1968)•Ph.D.inTempleUniversity,Philadelphia(1975)•ElectedPrincetonUniversity's19thpresidentonMay5,2001,.•Anworld-renownedscholarinthefieldofmolecularbiology,sheservedonthePrincetonfacultyfor15yearsbeforebeingnamedpresident.返回•Duringpostdoctoralstudies,shemadeanumberofgroundbreakingdiscoveriesincloningthefirstmammaliangene,andmadescientificbreakthroughsasanindependentinvestigatorattheInstituteforCancerResearchandanadjunctassociateprofessorofhumangeneticsandbiochemistryandbiophysicsattheUniversityofPennsylvania.•Sheisrenownednotonlyforherpioneeringresearch,butforhernationalleadershiponbehalfofwomeninscienceandforpromotingeffortstomaketheearlycareersofyoungscientistsasmeaningfulandproductiveaspossible.Honors•In1996receivedPrinceton'sPresident'sAwardforDistinguishedTeaching.•In2002,oneoffivewinnersoftheL'Oreal-UNESCOinternationalForWomeninScienceAward.•In2003receivedtheLifetimeAchievementAwardfromtheSocietyofDevelopmentalBiology.•AmemberoftheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety,theNationalAcademyofSciences,theInstituteofMedicineandtheRoyalSocietyofLondon.SheservesasaTrusteeofTheJacksonLaboratoryandtheCarnegieEndowmentforInternationalPeace.•AprivateresearchuniversitylocatedinNewJersey,USA.PrincetonUniversityBeautifulcampus•OneoftheeightuniversitiesthatcomposetheIvyLeague.•Charteredin1746,Princetonisthefourth-oldestcollegeinUSA.•Princetonisanindependent,coeducational,nondenominationalinstitutionthatprovidesstudentsinstructioninthehumanities,socialsciences,naturalsciencesandengineering.•Itisdistinctiveamongresearchuniversitiesinitscommitmenttoundergraduateteaching.FamousalumniofPrincetonThe4thpresidentofUSAThe28thpresidentofUSANobelprizewinnerThe35thpresidentofUSAHeroofPrisonBreakIntroductiontothetext•ThispassageistheinauguralspeechdeliveredbythepresidentofPrincetonUniversityabouttheroleofeducationintimesofcrisis.Thespeechisfocusedontheobligationofmodernuniversities:tosearchfornewideasandknowledge,todisseminatenewknowledgeandtoeducatethenextgenerationofcitizensandleaders.Introductiontothetext•Itisaspeechofeloquence,aspeechofinsightsaswellasaspeechofdynamic.Inargumentation,thespeakerusesfacts,examplesandquotationstomaketheideasmoreconvincing.Besides,thewideuseofformalandacademicwords,longandinvolvedsentencesaswellasparallelstructuresmakethespeechveryforcefulandimpressive.TextStructurePartI:Para.1PartII:Para2PartIII:Para3-6PartIV:Para7•PartI:Para.1•Americansocietyhasalong-standingconsensusaboutthevalueofeducation.PartI•Q1.Inpara.1whydoestheauthorstatethattheacademyholdsahighlyprivilegedplaceinAmericansociety?•Becausethereisalong-standingnationalconsensusaboutthevalueofeducationinAmericansociety.PartI•Q2.WhydoestheUnitedStatessolavishlyspendmoneyoneducation,publicandprivate?•BecauseAmericanshaveanalmostchildlikefaithinwhatformaleducationcandoforthem.PartI•Q3.WhydotheAmericanshavesuchachildlikefaithorconviction?•BecausetheybelievethatthevitalityoftheUnitedStates,itscreativeanddiverseculturallife,itsstaggeringlyinventiveeconomy,itsnationalsecurityandtherobustnessofitsdemocraticinstitutionsowemuchtothequalityofitsinstitutionsofhighereducation.PartIParaphrase•Nocountryspendsmoneyforeducation,publicandprivate,solavishlyasdoestheUnitedStates.•Theunitedstatesmakesthemostgenerousinvestmentineducationintheworld.•PartII:Para2•Mainidea:•Oursociety’sconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisclearfromthegenerosityofgovernmentinresearchbutitcomeswithexpectation.•Q1.HowdoestheAmericansocietyexpressitsconfidenceininstitutionofhighereducation?•Itisexpressedthroughthegenerousinvestmentsofthefederalandstategovernmentsinbasicandappliedresearch,investmentsthatwiselycouplesupportforresearchwithsupportforgraduateeducation.•Q2.Howdotheprivatefoundationsandcharitiesaswellasindividualsandtheprivatesectorthinkofuniversities?•Theyseecollegesanduniversitiesasthebestroutesforachievingtheirstrategicgoals,andtheincubatorsoffuturehealthandprosperity.•Q3.Accordingtotheauthor,thesocietyexpectssomethingfromtheuniversityafterithasmadegenerousinvestment,sowhatarethese?•Itexpectsthegenerationofnewideasandthediscoveryofnewknowledge,theexplorationofcomplexissuesinanopenandcollegialmannerandthepreparationofthenextgenerationofcitizensandleaders.•Paraphrase:•Oursociety'sconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisexpressedthroughthegenerousinvestmentsthatwiselycouplesupportforresearchwithsupportforgraduateeducation.•Ourinvestmentineducationcombinesupportforresearchwithsupportforgraduateeducation.PartIII:Para3-6Maindiea:Obligationsofthemodernacademy.•Q1.Whataretheobligationsofthemodernacademy?•A.Tosearchfornewideasandknowledge•B.Todisseminatenewideasandknowledge•C.Toeducatethenextgenerationofcitizenandleaders•Q2.Whatarethemaindifferencesinmedievalimageofuniversityandthatofmodernuniversity?•Themedievalimageoftheuniversityisanivorytower,withscholarsturnedinwardinsolitarycontemplation,immunizedfromth