I密级:论文编号:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文六种动物源性人兽共患病病毒基因芯片检测方法的研究DevelopmentofDiagnosticgenechipfordetectionsixkindsofanimaloriginalzoonosisvirusesII摘要近年来人兽共患病在世界各地疫情有所回升,新出现的人兽共患病不断爆发和曾经发生的人兽共患病再度肆虐,使国际社会面临着共同威胁和挑战,已成为各国政府和有关国际组织高度关注的重大公共卫生安全问题。如新出现的SARS冠状病毒、禽流感病毒、戊型肝炎病毒、尼帕病毒,以及一些曾经出现的人兽共患病病毒如口蹄疫病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、裂谷热病毒等其它潜在的致病因子已经在我国出现或在周边国家较大范围内存在,它们引起人畜发病甚至死亡的事实均提醒我们,加强动物疫病的防治,尤其是对人兽共患病的全面控制和扑灭,已经是刻不容缓的任务。裂谷热病毒(Riftvalleyfervervirus,RVFV)、尼帕病毒(Nipahvirus,NiV)、口蹄疫病毒(Footandmouthdiseasevirus,FMDV)、水泡性口炎病毒(Vescularstomatitisvirus,VSV)、戊型肝炎病毒(HepatitisEvirus,HEV)及狂犬病毒(Rabiesvirus,RV)是近年来流行范围较广,危害比较严重的动物源性人兽共患病病毒,对社会公共卫生造成很大的影响,且易感动物谱有所重叠,给预防和控制这些病毒导致的疫情造成很大的障碍。本研究旨在制备一种可同时检测RVFV、NiV、FMDV、VSV、HEV及RV的cDNA检测芯片,为这些病原的诊断和监测提供快速检测方法。根据GenBank提供的RVFV、NiV、FMDV、VSV、RV和HEV各基因序列,通过Bioedit和DNAman等生物分析软件进行多序列比对分析,选择了高度保守即特异性强的区段来设计探针。针对FMDV、HEV、VSV等存在多种血清型或基因型等问题,对每种病毒设计三条探针,每条探针设置6个重复,以便提高对以上拟检病毒的检测能力。分别用pET-32a载体构建pET-32a-RVFV-ORF2质粒,pGEM-Teasy载体构建了pGEM-T-NiV-P、pGEM-T-RV-N、pGEM-T-VSV-N及pGEM-T-FMDV-3ABCD质粒,结合pET-32a-HEV-ORF2、pGEM-T-action、pGEM-T-wheat共八个质粒,然后以上述质粒为模板进行PCR扩增以制备探针,共获得20条探针,其中包括18条病毒检测探针和一条阳性对照探针和阴性对照探针。将扩增产物进行胶回收纯化后作为探针点样于醛基化包被处理的玻片上。提取待检病毒RNA后,先进行随机反转录,再用多重PCR扩增的方法进行标记、耦联荧光物质。经过反复优化选择,共建立了四个多重PCR体系:ZH1(RVFV3、NiV3、FMDV3、RV3、VSV3)、ZH2(RVFV1、HEV2、FMDV1、NiV2)、ZH3(FMDV2、RV2、HEV1、RVFV2、VSV2)和ZH4(HEV3、NiV1、RV1、VSV1、ACTIN)。各PCR反应体系均为50ul,在每个反应体系中加入0.5l100×aa-dUTP混合物,然后再通过间接标记法耦合荧光染料物Cy5。通过对探针点样浓度、杂交条件和洗涤条件的优化,最终确定最佳探针点样浓度为350ng/µL,最佳杂交温度为45℃,最佳杂交时间为2h,经水合、硼氢化封闭处理,含40%甲酰胺终浓度杂交液,可获得较强的杂交信号。通过对靶基因定量的方法,检验芯片系统的灵敏度为5-50pg/µL,通过体外转录合成其待检基因的RNA,然后进行定量检测的方法,进行本方法的敏感度试验,结果表明对该六种病毒RNA的最低检测拷贝数分别为2.38×104、6.65×103、3.14×103、1.25×103、2.91×104、3.32×103。利用本方法对11份RV已知阳性RNA样本和7份HEV已知阳性粪便样本进行检测,检测结果均呈阳性,与常规RT-PCR结果符合率达100%。用该芯片检测方法对5份未知血清样本进行检测,结果有4份显示HEV阳性,阳性检出率达80%,其结果也与常规RT-PCR检测相一致。III本研究建立了一种快捷、特异、敏感和稳定地检测六种人兽共患病病毒的通用芯片检测方法,可用于对六种动物源性人兽共患病病毒的诊断和监测。关键词:基因芯片,杂交,多重PCR,人兽共患病IIIAbstractInrecentyears,theoccurrenceofzoonosiswasincreasingworldwidely.Thebreakingoutofnewzoonosisesandreemergingofsomeoldonesarethreateningandchallengingthewholeworld.Thegovernmentsofeverycountryandtherelevantinternationalorganizationshavepaidgreatattentiontothisseverepublichealthproblem.Pathogensofzoonosisincludingsomenewemergedviruses(suchasSARS-CoV,avianinfluenzaviruses,hepatitisEvirus,nipahvirusandriftvalleyfevervirus),someknownviruses(suchasfootandmouthdiseasevirus,vesicularstomatitisvirus,rabiesvirus)andotherpotentialpathogenicfactorshavealreadyappearedinourcountryorwidelyspreadedinadjacentareas.Thefactthatthosezoonosisescouldcausediseasesorevendeathinanimalsandhumanremindedusenhancingthepreventionandcureofanimaldiseases,especiallycontrolingandeliminatingpathogensofzoonosiswasanurgenttask.Riftvalleyfevervirus(RVFV),nipahvirus(NiV),footandmouthdiseasevirus(FMDV),vesicularstomatitisvirus(VSV),hepatitisEvirus(HEV)andrabiesvirus(RV)weresixviruseswhichwidespreadedrecentlyandcouldcauseseriouszoonosis.Someofsusceptibleanimalsofthosevirusesweresame,whichhinderedthepreventionandcontrolofthediseasescausedbythoseviruses.ThepurposeofthisstudywastoprepareacDNAdiagnosticchipforsimultaneouslydetectionofRVFV,NiV,FMDV,VSV,HEVandRVandestablisharapiddiagnosismethodforthediagnosisandmonitoringofthosepathogens.AccordingtothecompletegenesequencesofRVFV,NIV,FMDV,VSV,RVandHEVpublishedonGenBank,highlyconservedgenesequencesofthoseviruseswerelocatedbymultiplesequencealignmentanalysisofDNAmanandBioeditbiologicalsoftwaresrespectively.Then,specificprobestargetingthosehighlyconservedgeneregionsweredesigned.Tosolvetheproblemofmultipleserotypesorgenotypesforsomeoftheviruses.suchasFMDV,HEVandVSV,threeprobesforeachvirusweredesignedandeachprobewasspottedsixtimestoraisethecapacityforvirusdetection.FiverecombinantplasmidsnamedpET-32a-RVFV-ORF2,pGEM-T-NiV-P,pGEM-T-RV-N,pGEM-T-VSV-NandpGEM-T-FMDV-3ABCDrespectivelywereconstructed.TotaleightrecombinantplasmidsincludingabovefiveplasmidsandtheotherthreeplasmidsnamedpET-32a-HEV-ORF2、ViralRNAswereextractedandreversetranscripedwithrandomprimers.ThenthetargetgeneconjunctedfluorescentdyeswereobtainedbymultiplexPCRmethod.Afteroptimization,fourmulti-PCRsystemswerechosenforfurtherstudies:ZH1(RVFV3,NIV3,FMDV3,RV3,VSV3),ZH2(RVFV1,HEV2,FMDV1,NIV2),ZH3(FMDV2,RV2,HEV1,RVFV2,VSV2)andZH4(HEV3,NIV1,RV1,VSV1,ACTIN).ThosePCRreactionsystemswereall50l.0.5l100×aa-dUTPmixturewasaddedtoeachreactionsystem,andPCRproductswerelabeledwithCy5fluorescentdyesbyindirectpGEM-T-actionandpGEM-T-wheatrespectivelywereusedastemplatesforPCRamplification.Theproductswerespottedonaldehyde-coatedslideasdetectionprobesafterpurifiedbygelextraction.Totally,20probesincluding18detectionprobes,onepositivecontrolprobeandonenegativecontrolprobewereobtained.IVlabelingmethod.Afteroptimization,theworkingconditionsweredesignatedasfollows.Theconcentrationofspottingsolutionwas350ng/μL;thehydrationtemperaturewas45℃;thehydrationtimewas2handtheformamideterminalconcentrationwas40%.Thesensitivityexperimentshowedthatthedetectionmicroarraysystemcoulddetectaslowas1.69×104,3.32×103,1.57×103,1.25×103,1.51×104,and1.16×103copiesoftemplat