第5章免疫细胞膜分子临床免疫学(ClinicalImmunology)2011硕士研究生课程(龚非力第3版)DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege第5章免疫细胞膜分子白细胞分化抗原-CD分子参与识别抗原和细胞活化的CD分子参与免疫效应的CD分子CD分子与临床粘附分子粘附分子分类及其特性粘附分子的生物学作用粘附分子与临床DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege第一节白细胞分化抗原-CD分子CD分子对于不同的单克隆抗体识别的同一种细胞表面膜分子以分化群(clusterofdifferentiation,CD)加编号的方法称CD分子,CD抗原等。(也有人将其称为白细胞分化抗原)白细胞分化抗原(leukocytedifferentiationantigen,LDA)血细胞在分化成熟为不同谱系、分化的不同阶段及细胞活化过程中,出现或消失的细胞膜表面分子。DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege第一节白细胞分化抗原-CD分子一、参与抗原摄取和提呈的CD分子IgFcγR:CD64,CD32,CD16CR补体受体:CD21,CD35,CD1分子:CD1限制性T细胞的抗原提呈分子DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege第一节白细胞分化抗原-CD分子二、参与淋巴细胞抗原识别和活化的CD分子(一)参与T细胞识别抗原和活化的:TCRCD2CD3CD4CD8CD25CD28CD44CD45CD58CD86ICOSDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege1.TCR-CD3分子:IgSF,分布于T细胞和胸腺细胞。由γε、δε和ζζ(80~90%);或γε、δε和ζη(10~20%)组成。作用:负责传导抗原活化信号。ITAMγεδεζζTCRDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege2.T细胞共共受体(1)CD4分子:–单链跨膜糖蛋白,胞外区有4个IgSF结构域,分布于部分T细胞及胸腺细胞。-作用:与MHC-II类分子非多态区结合,参与抗原识别及信号传导。又称协同受体分子。(2)CD8分子:由、异二聚体组成,胞外区结构属IgSF。分布于部分T细胞及胸腺细胞。作用:与MHC-I类分子非多态区结合,参与抗原识别及信号传导。又称协同受体分子。DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege3.T细胞共刺激分子(1)CD28:–双链跨膜糖蛋白,胞外区各有1个IgSF结构域,分布于几乎所有CD4T细胞,50%CD8细胞。-作用:与APC细胞表面B7(CD80/86)分子结合,提供协同刺激信号,促使T细胞活化。(2)CD80(B7-1)和CD86(B7-2):双链,胞外区各有1个IgSF结构域。表达于B细胞,活化单核,DC,活化T细胞。作用:与CD28结合,提供协同刺激信号,促使T细胞活化。DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege3.T细胞共刺激分子(3)ICOS(CD278)诱导性共刺激分子:–属于CD28家族,诱导性表达在活化T细胞。–配体:ICOSL(CD275),B7-H2,-作用:提供协同刺激信号,促使T细胞活化。DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege4.共抑制分子(1)CTLA-4(CD152)细胞毒性T细胞抗原4–表达在活化T细胞。–配体:CD80、CD86,B7-H2,-作用:提供抑制信号,负性调节免疫应答。(2)PD-1程序性死亡-1分子–表达在活化T细胞。–配体:PD-L1(B7-H1)、PD-L2(B7-DC),-作用:提供抑制信号,负性调节免疫应答。DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege5.其他参与T细胞活化的CD分子(1)CD45,白细胞共同抗原-作用:参与T细胞和B细胞活化。(2)CD2(LFA-2)—CD58(LFA-3)CD2分布于胸腺细胞、T细胞、NK细胞CD58分布在T、B、Mo、DC等-作用:粘附分子,参与T细胞旁路活化途径。DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeB细胞表面的CD分子:CD79a/CD79bCD19和CD21CD81,CD40CD80/86二、参与淋巴细胞抗原识别和活的CD分子2参与B细胞识别抗原和活化的:DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeCD40L(CD154):TNFSF,表达在活化的CD4+T细胞、部分CD8+T细胞、NK细胞等表面。作用:传递B细胞活化的第二信号。DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeIgFc受体:CD64(FcgRI)(高亲和力)CD32(FcgRII)(低亲和力)CD16(FcgRIII)(低亲和力)CD89(FcaR)(中等亲和力)CD23(FceRII)(低亲和力)三、参与免疫效应的的CD分子DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege细胞凋亡相关CD分子:CD95(Fas/Apo-1—与细胞活化,细胞凋亡有关)CD178(FasL)DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege四、CD分子与临床参与疾病的发生,如:CD分子作为病毒受体;HIV-CD4,EBV-CD21Fas分子缺陷:淋巴增殖病,自身免疫病胰岛素依赖性糖尿病,CD及其抗体与临床免疫学诊断白血病免疫学诊断(CD分子检测)免疫学细胞亚群检测(T及其亚群,B,NK)CD及其抗体的临床治疗抗CD3单抗,(移植排斥)抗CD19抗CD20,(B细胞淋巴瘤)DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege第二节细胞粘附分子(celladhesionmolecule,CAM/AM)——介导细胞之间,或细胞与细胞外基质间相互接触和结合的膜表面糖蛋白质。——参与细胞的识别,活化,信号传导,分化以及运动等过程——据结构划分为五类:选择素黏蛋白样家族整合素免疫球蛋白超家族钙粘蛋白DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege1、选择素家族(selectin)一类以细胞外多糖为配体的膜单肽分子,介导白细胞与内皮细胞或血小板的粘附。选择素L(CD62L,白细胞选择素)选择素E(CD62E,内皮细胞选择素)选择素P(CD62P,血小板选择素)一、黏附分子的分类及其特性DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege2、粘蛋白样家族(mucinlikefamily)CD34;表达在造血干细胞,淋巴结内皮细胞选择素L的配体GlyCAM-1(糖酰化依赖的细胞黏附分子-1):表达在淋巴结内皮细胞选择素L的配体选择素P糖蛋白配体(PSGL-1);表达在中性粒细胞,介导PMN迁移选择素E和P的配体DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege3、整合素家族integrinfamily一组由α链、β链组成的异二聚体分子。介导细胞与细胞外基质结合至少14种α亚单位和8种β亚单位,以β亚单位可将整合素家族分为8个组。β1--CD49/CD29β2--CD11/CD18一种整合素可分布于多种细胞,同一种细胞也往往有多种整合素的表达。DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollegeDepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege3、整合素家族integrinfamilyVLA组(β1组)迟现抗原/迟晚抗原--CD49x/CD29---VLA(verylateappearingantigen)---2-4wkactivatedT:VLA-1,2….6细胞黏附受体组(β2组)--CD11a,b,c,d/CD18(leukocyteintergrin)LFA-1(CD11a/CD18),Mac-1,P150/95,CD11d/CD18。血小板糖蛋白组(3组)—ab3(CD41/CD61)av3(CD51/CD61DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege4、免疫球蛋白超家族IgSF(immunoglobulinsuperfamily,)------含有一个或多个与免疫球蛋白功能区结构相似区域的膜表面分子。如:CD3,CD4,CD8DepartmentofImmunology,BBMCDepartmentofImmunologyBengbuMedicalCollege(1)细胞间粘附分子(Intercellularadhesionmolecule,ICAM)-配体是2组整合