指人或事物的名称的词.名词名词专有名词:特定的人,地点等.(首字母大写)例:NewYork,YaoMing普通名词可数名词不可数名词能够以数计算的事物的名词不能以数计算的事物的名词单数名词复数名词?例:液体,气体等。milk,water,air…例:pen,student,flowers…普通名词:指一般的人,事物等.例:apple,pen,doctor金木水火土,肉面食茶布可数名词的单数变复数(规则变化)1.直接在名词后加s例:cake---cakes,leg---legs2.在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后加es例:dress-dresses,dish-dishes,watch-watches,box---boxes3.以o结尾的名词,一般加s,但tomato,potato,hero之后加es可数名词的单数变复数(规则变化)4.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,把y改为i再加es:例:city---cities,family---families5.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加es例:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives巧记以f或fe结尾的名称树叶半数自己黄妻子拿刀去割粮架后窜出一只狼就像盗贼逃命亡leafhalfselfwifeknifeshelfwolfthieflife1.单复数同形的名词:中国人,日本人都非常喜欢绵羊,鱼和鹿.ChineseJapanesesheepfishdeer可数名词的单数变复数(不规则变化)2.单复数不同形(特殊名词的变化):1)改变中间元音foot—feettooth—teethgoose—geeseman—menwoman—womenmouse-mice2)词尾加-en或-renchild—childrenox—oxen可数名词的单数变复数(不规则变化)名词单数变复数的发音规则情况构成方法读音规则例词一般情况词尾加-s(1)清辅音/p/,/k/,/t/,/f/等后读/s/maps,books,boats(2)在浊辅/b/,/d/,/g/,/η/,/l/,/m/,/n/等和元音后读/z/verbs,birds,bags,kings,hills,names,pens,cars,trees以-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词词尾加-es读/iz/buses,watches,wishes,boxes以-o结尾的名词词尾加-s或-es读/z/radios,kangaroos,heroes,potatoes以-y结尾的名词(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es读/iz/cities,babies(2)以元音字母+y结尾的名词,加s读/z/days,boys,toys以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v,再加es读/vz/knives,leaves写出下列各词的复数形式:tomato,city,boy,radio,leaf,fly,photo,mouse,box,wife,Sunday,class,Chinese,zoo,exam,German,sheep,fish,beach,wish,glass,leaf,student,deer,baby,potato名词中表示所有关系的形式所有格的构成方式1.由名词加’s构成,通常用来表示有生命的东西2.由of加名词构成,通常用来表示没有生命的东西Ⅰ.’s所有格1.名词的单数所有格是直接在名词后面加’s,读法和名词复数发音规则一样。如:Mary’sletter,thegirl’sstory,MissLiu’sstudents2.复数名词所有格的变化形式(1)如果是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是在名词后加“’”。如:thetwins’bedroomthestudents’books(2)如果名词的复数形式不是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是直接加’s。如:achildren’sbook(儿童读物)themen’sshoes3.如果两个人共同拥有一样物品时,只在后面一个名词后加’s。如:LucyandLily’sbook4.如果一样的物品不是两个人共同拥有而是各自都有时,它的所有格是在两个名后都加上’s。如:Lucy’sandLily’sbooksⅡ.由of+名词构成的所有格由of+名词构成的所有格通常用来表示无生命的东西的所有关系。如:thefourlegsofadeskamapofChinathecapitalofAmericaExercises用所给名词的适当形式填空:1.Arethereany(peach)onthetable?2.Theyaresomeyoung(woman).3.The(children)isplayinginthegarden.4.Some(goose)areswimmingintheriver.5.Wouldyoulikesome(fish)?6.Howmany(radio)canyouseeonthebookcase?7.Arethereany(boy)inthelibrary?8.Onepolicemancaughtthree(thief)yesterday.Exercises请用is/are填空.1.Theresomewaterinthebottle.2.Thereanorangeonthetable.3.Theremanyfishinthepool.4.Theresomeleavesontheground.Exercises请用Howmuch/Howmany填空.1.juicedoyouwant?2.bottlesofjuicedoyouwant?3.peoplearethereinyourfamily?4.pencilsdoyouhave?5.muttonisthereinthefridge?名词所有格练习Translatethesephasebelow.教室的窗户美国的首都桌子的四条腿学校的大门老师们的办公室男人们的衣服Linda的课本Peter和Bill的爸爸奶奶的眼镜Lucy’smotherandLily’smotherteachersofourschoolthefootofthehillHomework1.复习并背诵名词单数变复数的规则.2.写出20个不可数名词(1+1)3.写出30个可数名词,并写出其复数形式(1+1)