英语说明文写作

1ExpositoryWritingOliver2Ⅰ.HowToimproveourEnglishreadingskills?Readingcomprehensionpassagesareusuallyoftwotypes:expositionandnarration.Anexpositioniswritingwhichexplainssomething;anarrationiswritingwhichtellsastory.Theyaretobehandleddifferently.Whenyoutakeupareadingcomprehensionpassage,thefirstthingistotellwhetherthepassageisanexpositionoranarration.3Foranexpositiontypepassage,themethodistoreadthefirstsentenceofeachpara-graphcarefullyandskiptherestoftheparagraph.You’llthenfindsomeofthequestionsfollowingthepassagewhichcanalreadybeanswered.Forquestionsyoudon’thaveenoughinformationtofindtherightanswer,you’lluseasecondmethod.Thisistofindakeywordinthequestionitself,andthenscanthepassagetolocatethekeyword.Readthesentencewherethekeywordis,andthentheanswerisready.4Foranarrationtypepassage,themethodistoreadthepassagefromthebeginningandsentencebysentence.Whenyougetanideaofwhatthestoryisabout,it’stimetostopreading.Usuallythishappenswhenyou’vereadonethirdofthepassage.Trytoanswerthequestions,andyou’llfindyoucananswersomeofthem.Whenyoucomeacrossaquestionyoudon’thaveenoughinformationtoanswer,gobacktothepassageandresumeyourreadingfromthepointwhereyoustopped.Goonwithyourreadinguntilyouhavetheanswertothequestion.5Followingthesemethods,you’llbeabletofinishansweringthequestionsinmuchlesstimethanisallowed,andthechancesoffindingtherightanswerisgreaterthanyougothroughthewholepassage.ThekeytosuccessinreadingcomprehensiontestsisthusDONOTREADTHEPASSAGESENTENCEBYSENTENCE.It’spossibletoanswerallthequestionscorrectlywithouthavingtoreadmorethanonethirdofthepassage.6Ⅱ.WhatisExpository(Exposition)Writing?1.Anexpositioniswritingwhichexplainssomething.Itisatypeoforalorwrittendiscoursethatisusedtoexplain,describe,giveinformationorinform.Thecreatorofanexpositorytextcannotassumethatthereaderorlistenerhaspriorknowledgeorpriorunderstandingofthetopicthatisbeingdiscussed.Oneimportantpointtokeepinmindfortheauthoristotrytousewordsthatclearlyshowwhattheyaretalkingaboutratherthanblatantly露骨的tellingthereaderwhatisbeingdiscussed.Since7clarityrequiresstrongorganization,oneofthemostimportantmechanismsthatcanbeusedtoimproveourskillsinexpositionistoprovidedirectionstoimprovetheorganizationofthetext.2.TaskPleasewriteanexpositorywiththetopic“TheSpringFestival”.(about500words)8Ⅲ.SamplesTheSpringFestivalTheSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChina.ItisonJanuary1staccordingtotheChineselunarcalendar.It’sChina’sNewYear’sDay.Sousuallyamonthbeforethefestival,peoplebegintobuyfood,clothesanddecorationsforhouses.Aboutaweekbeforethefestival,housewivesarebusypreparingthenewyeardinner.(Forexample,…)Andtheywilldoalotofwashingandcleaninginthehouse.(…)Peoplewhoarefarawayon9businessarehurryingtoreturnhomeforthenewyear’sfamilyreunion.OnNewYear’sEve,eachfamilywillgathertogethereating,talkingandwatchingTVforalmostthewholenight.(Whatwilltheyeat,talk,andwatch?)AndtherewillbesomeinterestingprogrammesonTV.TheSpringFestivalGet-togetherEveningPartyisespeciallylovedbymostChinese.(Whatwilltheyseeintheprogram?)Thechildrenarethehappiestofallbecausetheycangetpresentsfromtheirparentsorgrandparents.(Why?)10OnLunarNewYear’sDay,aftergettingup,peoplewilleatChinesedumplings.(Whatdothedumplinglooklike?)Whentheymeettheirneighborsorfriends,they’llsay:“HappyNewYear!”towishgoodluckandharvest.Thenewyearcelebratingactivitieswilllastabouthalfamonth.11CommentThearticleexplainsthetraditionalfestivalofChina---SpringFestival,anditintroducesseveralkindsofcelebratingactivitiesduringthefestival.Beingwrittenintheorderoftime,thearticlemakesthewholecontentslogicalandclear.12NewBeijingNewOlympicsChinahasitsownsportlegends.BacktoSongDynasty，PeoplestartedtoplayagamecalledCuju，whichisregardedastheoriginofancientfootball.Sonow，youwillunderstandwhyourwomenfootballteamissogoodtoday.WithaconceptinspiredbythefamedSilkRoad，ourTorchRelaywillbreaknewground，travelingfromOlympiathroughsomeoftheoldestcivilizationsknowntomanGreek，IndianandChinese.Carryingthemessage“Sharethepeace，SharetheOlympics.”TheflamewillpassthroughTibet，crosstheYangtzeandYellowRivers，traveltheGreatWallandvisitTaiwanandthe56Ethniccommunitieswhomakeupoursociety.Onitsjourney，theflamewillbeseenbyandinspiremorehumanbeingsthananypreviousrelay.……13ADogAdogisakindofanimal.Itoftenliveswithpeopleathome.It’soneofthepetanimals.Manypeopleliketokeepadogforpleasurebecauseitiscleveranditcanunderstandthem.Peoplefeedthedogandbuildahouseforit.Dogscandolotsofthingsforpeople.Incities,peoplekeepadognotonlyforpleasurebutalsoforsafety.Adogcanbeagoodguard.Inthecountry,farmersliketokeepdogsforpleasuretoo.Besides,someofthedogscanhelpfarmerstolookafteranimals,suchassheepandpigs.14Dogscanbeagreathelptoarmysoldiersandpolicemen.Dogsoftendoimportantworkforthem.Sodogsarereallyourgoodfriends,andwemusttakegoodcareofthem.CommentItisagoodexampleofanexposition.Althoughshort,itsuccessfullyexplainsthehelpofdogs’frommanypointsofview.Inthisway,theexpositionprovesthetheme:“dogsarehumanbeings’friends.”15WriteanexpositonaccordingtothefollowingChinese假设你叫李明，你有一位英国网友名叫Tom，他听说