学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 4

学术英语理工AcademicEnglishforScienceandEngineeringUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewUnitContents1Writingaliteraturereview2Writingaself-containedliteraturereview3Writingaliteraturereviewasapartofanessay4Citation5Documentation6Avoidingplagiarism7Paraphrasing8EnhancingyouracademiclanguageUnit4WritingaLiteratureReview1WritingaliteraturereviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewUnit3ListeningtoLectures1WritingaliteratureReview1ThefouressayswerepublishedrightaftertheFukushimadisasterinJapanandalladdressedthetopicofpotentialrisksofnuclearradiation.2Radiationisnotsoterribleasexpectedandhumanbeingsareexposedtodifferentsourcesofradiationeveryday.Whetheritwillendangerhumanhealthornotdependsonthedurationandstrengthofradiationexposure.1WritingaliteratureReview3AmberCornelioholdsadifferentattitudefromtheotherthreeauthors.Hebelievesthatradiationexposurewillcertainlyraisetheriskofgettingcancerandgovernmentofficialsdownplayitspotentialdangertojustifyitsuseofnuclearpower.Unit4WritingaLiteratureReview1WritingaliteratureReview5ItseemsthattheText11,12,14providemorescientificfactsaboutnuclearradiationthanText13whichismoreemotionallychargedbyusingmanyrhetoricalquestionsandthephraseslike“Iamsimplyfloored”,“letofficialsbeoblivious”,“nottobeoutdone”,“Donottellusaboutthat”.Henceitappearslessreliableandtrustworthy.Unit4WritingaLiteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText111Byhowmanyparticlesofradiationfromnaturalsourceshasatypicalpersonbeenstruckeverysecond?Atypicalpersonis,andalwayshasbeenstruckby15,000particlesofradiationeverysecondfromnaturalsources.1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText112Howmanydeathsareestimatedtobecausedbyairpollutionfromcoalburningperyear?Airpollutionfromcoalburningisestimatedtobecausing10,000deathsperyear.1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText113Whatproblemscanveryhighradiationdosescause?Veryhighradiationdosescandestroybodyfunctionsandleadtodeathwithin60days.1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——h10——j1——i2——f3——g4——c6——a7——b8——e9——d1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.1asmall(缺口)inthedam2(浅的)foundation3(履行)apromise4the(幸存者)oftheearthquake5(假设的)situation6(发起)areform7have(潜力)asanartist8(不顾)theirstrongdisagreement9(中和)acids10bein(联系)witheachother11(运输)goodsbylorry12the(大量)ofexportsbreachshallowimplementsurvivor(s)hypotheticalinitiatepotentialdespiteneutralizecontacttransportvolume1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.13(穿透)thefog14(证实)mysuspicious15(战略)ofsustainabledevelopment16arough(估计)ofyourincome17(显著的)change18power(产生)19(转移)one’sglancefromanuglysight20(医学的)apparatusandinstruments21(传播)knowledge22territorial(完整)23(赔偿)forthelosspenetrateconfirmstrategyestimatenoticeablegenerationavertmedicaldisperseintegritycompensate1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraph.Radiation(和原子能有联系).Itcancauseunwantedchemicalreactionsinthecellandproteinstofoldimproperly.Whetheritisharmfultoman’shealth(某种程度上取决于)thedegreeofexposure.Insmalldoses,thecellhasenoughmechanismsto(来对付)misfoldedproteinsandrepairitself.Whenexposedtoalargeamountofradiation,thecell’sdefensesareoverwhelmed.Thereforeanincreaseincancerintheareawhere(辐射泄漏发生)often(由于长时间暴露在辐射下).isassociatedwithnuclearenergydependssomewhatontakecareofradiationleakagetakesplacearisesfromheavyexposureofradiation1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewEnhancingyouracademiclanguage1辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中,一般人每秒钟都遭受着来自自然资源中15，000个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗X光检查则带有1，000亿个粒子的辐射。2这些材料主要通过发电厂常规运行时的少量释放物，核电站事故和放射性材料运输事故、以及放射性废料从隔离系统中泄漏而与人体发生接触的。3在利用现有技术预防遗传性疾病方面还有很多事可以做；如果利用核工业纳税款的1%来进一步实施这项技术，那么每一种由核工业造成的疾病中有80例遗传疾病都将得到防止。TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText11intoChinese.1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText11intoChinese.4高剂量的辐射会摧毁身体机能并在60天内导致死亡，但这种“明显的”死亡仅仅在2%的核反应堆熔毁事故中能够被预料到，在0.2%的熔毁事故中会超过100天，而在1/100,000的熔毁事故中会超过3，500天。5对于氡效应的全面估计是一家运行了一年的核电站最终将避免几百人死亡，而一个同等的煤电厂将最终导致30人死亡。1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText121Whatdothehealtheffectscausedbyradiationexposuredependon?Thehealtheffectscausedbyradiationexposuredependonitslevel,typeandduration.1WritingaliteratureReviewUnit4WritingaLiteratureReviewAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText122Whatarethefirstsymptomsofradiationsickness?Howaboutaperiodofseriousillness?Thefirstsymptomsofradiationsickness—nausea,vomiting,anddiarrhea—canappearwithinminutesorindays,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Aperiodofseriousillness,includingappetiteloss,fatigue,fever,gastrointestinalproblems,andpossibleseizuresorcoma,mayfollowa