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表语从句和宾语从句Debbie区别表语和宾语•表语也叫补语，是主语补足语，对主语进行补充说明。表语跟系动词连用，构成系表结构。表语可以是名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、分词、不定式甚至句子，即单句里系动词后的成分都是表语。•Sheisastudent.•is是系动词，所以astudent是表语。•Shelikesthestudent.•likes是实义动词，所以thestudent是宾语。•表语跟宾语的主要区别：区别实义动词和系动词•常用的连系动词：•1表示状态存在的词：be，感官动词（look、smell、sound、feel、taste）、seem、appear等等。•2、表示状态持续的词：keep、prove、stay、remain、turn（out）等等。•3、表示状态转变的词：become，come、fall、get、grow、make等等•Theborschttastesmarvelous。（这罗宋汤尝起来味道太好了。）•Shelooksnice.（她看起来漂亮极了）•Theleavesareturningbrown.(树叶在变黄)•It’sgettinglate.(天色渐晚了)•实义动词：表示实际意义和动作的动词•Thecarsrunfast.•Hecooksgoodmeal.•宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语通常指及物动词的承受者，是动词直接涉及的人或者物。而间接宾语表示动作是对谁或者为谁而做。•直接宾语和间接宾语：•HeofferedPeterajob。•HeofferedajobtoPeter.•Myfriendpresentmeanecklace.•Myfriendpresentanecklacetome.•表语和宾语的区分：•1.Theladywillmakeadoctor.(这位女士将成为一名博士)•2.Theboywillmakeamodelplane。（这个男孩儿将做一个飞机模型）•Thelady跟doctor的关系，doctor是对thelady的一个补充说明，而modelplane跟theboy并不是补充和北说明的关系，modelplane只是make（制作）这个动词的宾语。•Shemustbetheheadmaster.(她应该就是校长了)•Shehatestheheadmaster（她恨校长）•Heistheirteacher（他是他们的老师）•Theyliketheirteachers（他们喜欢他们的老师）表语从句•如果充当表语的成分是一个句子，那么这个句子就是表语从句。•引导表语从句的引导词连词that,whether连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever连接副词when,where,how,why•MyideaisthatweallgoexceptLili.•Mypuzzle(dilemma)iswhethertostudyfurtherortogetajobrightawayafterthegraduation.•That’swhatweshoulddo.•Thequestionishowwecangetthere.•ThequestioniswhyIinviteyoutotheparty.•Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.•Thebiggestbarrieriswedon’tunderstandwhereheisdrivingat?•Theorderisthattheworkshouldbestartedatonce.(如果主语是suggestion，order，demand等表示说话者的愿望，建议等的词，从句中谓语用虚拟语气should＋动原)•Thisiswhatweshoulddo.宾语从句•1、一般接宾语从句比较多的动词：say，think,believe,guess,tell,hope,ask,wonder等词•2、宾语从句的引导词：与表语从句主语从句的引导词基本相同，区别在于宾语从句可以用if（如果，是否）做引导词，当表示“是否”的时候可以和whether互换。连词that,whether,if连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever连接副词when,where,how,why宾语从句的转化•2.1陈述句与宾语从句的转换：a,连词that没有意义，可以省略，b，从句的语序不变，仍是陈述句的语序，c，从句时态和主句保持一致，d，可以用it做形式宾语，that引导出真正的宾语。•Heisfeelingill.•Mikesaidthathewasfeelingill.•Wemuststudyhard.•Allofusknowthatwemuststudyhard.•Wethinkitquiterightthatallthepeopleoughttoobeythelaws.•Wethinkthatallthepeopleoughttoobeythelawsisquiteright.•Hemadeitclearthathewouldgranthimabigsumofmoneyifhefoundhislostdaughter.•2.2一般疑问句与宾语从句的转换：a，用whether和if引导，表示“是否”的意义，不充当成分，但是不可省略，b，从句的语序要变成陈述语序，c，时态要与主句的时态一致。•Doesshelivehere?•Heasksmeifsheliveshere.•Heaskedmeif/whethershelivedhere(ornot).•Willthemoviestarcome?•Idon’tknowif/whetherthemoviestarwillcome(ornot).•Willyoucometomorrow?•Sheaskedmeif/whetherIwouldcomethenextday.•Sheasksmeif/whetherIwouldcometomorrow.•DidhestudyEnglish20yearsago?•Mymotheraskedhimif/whetherhehadstudiedEnglish20yearsbefore.•2.3特殊疑问句和宾语从句的转换：a，保留原来的疑问词，b，从句的语序要变成陈述语序，c，时态要与主句一致。•Whatdoeshelike?•Iwonderwhathelikes.•Whydoyouchoosethatone?•Sheaskedmewhyhechosethatone.•WheredoesAliceputthegoldenring?•CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehadputthegoldenring?•Wherehashegone?•Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.•2.4某些形容词后面跟宾语从句•表示知觉，判断，情感的形容词，如：sure,afraid,certain,happy,glad,excited等等•Wearesurethatourfuturewillbebetter.•IamafraidthatwehavetofinishtheworkbeforetheSpringFestivalEve.•SheisexcitedthatherboyfriendpromisedherabigsurpriseonValentine’sDay.•Iamgladthatyoucouldcomeforlunch.•Iamhappythatalltheworkhasbeendoneontime.Exercises•1.A:Couldyoutellme________sheislookingfor?B:Hercousin,Susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which•2.Iwanttoknow________.A.whatishisnameB.what'shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis•3.Couldyoutellme________?A.whendidTomcomebackB.whendoesTomcomebackC.whenTomwillcomebackD.whenTomcomesback•4.Idon’tknow_____hewillcometomorrow._____hecomes,I’lltellyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;if•5.Couldyoutellme____theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended•6.Canyoutellmewhen____?A.doestheshipleaveB.theshipwillleaveC.theshipleaveD.willtheshipleave•7.Alicewantedtoknow____hergrandmotherlikedthebag.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what•8.Idon’tknow____Janewaslateforschoolthismorning.A.whoB.whatC.whomD.why•9.Theydon’tknow____theirpresentsare.A.whenB.whyC.whatD.if•10.Mikeaskedthegirlintheshop____thewatch____cheapenough.A.that;isB.if;wasC.that;wasD.whether;is•11.Couldyoutellme____dowiththemoney?A.howtoB.whatshouldIC.howIshouldD.whatIshould•12.CanyoutellmehowmanyEnglishwords____since1996?A.haveyoulearnedB.didyoulearnC.youhavelearnedD.youlearned•13.MissLiwantstoknow_____nextweek.A.whenmyuncleleavesB.whenwillmyuncleC.wheremyunclewillstayD.wheredoesmyunclestay•14.XiaoMaotoldmehe____afilmwithhismotherthenextday.A.wouldseeB.willwatchC.wouldlookD.willsee•15.Iwanttoknowifthey____thespringsportsmeetingnextmonth.Ifthey____it,Imustgetreadyforit.A.hold;willholdB.willhold;holdC.hold;holdD.willhold;willhold•16．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof•17．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget•18.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填•19.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what•20.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why•