Writtingppt 开头结尾段

托福强化写作—开头、结尾闫蓓Shadow开头•引起读者的兴趣•告诉读者本文总的话题•告诉读者本文的主题开头•使用一些能吸引读者注意力的手段•交代关于本文话题的一些背景信息•以一句话陈述本文的主题，或进一步预览本文主要观点•Schoolshouldaskstudentstoevaluatetheirteachers.UniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavelonghadcourseevaluationstohelpstudentsmakedecisionsastowhichclassestotake.Itisnolongeraquestionofwhetherschoolsshouldaskstudentstoratetheirteachers’work,butsimplyhowandtowhatextent.Asfarateachingqualityisconcerned,Ifullysupportthedecisiontorequirestudentstoassesstheirteachers’performance.开头•漏斗鱼钩•问题鱼钩•驳斥鱼钩•叙事鱼钩•引语鱼钩漏斗鱼钩•从大范围到小范围、从概括到具体•开始背景不能过于宽泛笼统•讨论文本的具体话题时要贴紧题目的要求漏斗鱼钩•交代背景：首先交代一些与题目有关的背景•复述题目：然后用自己的话复述题目•提出主题：最后给出全文的主题陈述•Ifyoucannotsayanythingniceaboutothers,you’dbetternotsayanything.Ashumanbeings,itisimportantthatwetreateachotherinawaythatallowsustoliveinawaythat,ratherthaninvitingconflict,invitesfurtherpeaceandharmony.Thisisamatterofethicsthatcanbeconsideredindependentofreligiousconsideration.Thestatement,“Ifyoucannotsayanythingniceaboutothers,you’dbetternotsayanything,’’aversecommonlyquotedtochildrenbytheirparents,isareliableguideforethicaldecisionsinsomesituations,butitdoesnotalwaysholdtrue.•Itisbetterforchildrentogrowupinthecountrysidethaninabigcity.•Assoonasthedecisionismadetohavechildren,parentsdebatewhetheritisbettertoraisetheminthecityorinthecountryside.Althoughsometimesajobmaydictatewheretoraiseafamily,ifIhadthechoice,Iwouldchoosetoraisemychildreninabigcity.•Somestudentsprefertostudyalone.Othersprefertostudywithagroupofstudents.•适合二选一•Choosingalearningstyleisapurelypersonaldecision.Somestudentsprefertostudyindividuallyforbetterconcentration,whileotherswouldratherstudywithagroupofstudents.Asforme,Iwouldopttostudywithothers,anapproachwhichprovidesmoreopportunitiesforfun,mutualhelp,andcriticalthinking.•Regardingwhichlearningstylestoadopt,peoplehavedifferent,evendiametricallyoppositeviews.小白模板•Patienceisusuallynotagoodstrategy.Wewouldtakeactionnowratherthanlater.•“agreeordisagree”题目•Theissueofalwaystakingimmediateactionishighlydebatable.Ontheonehand,takingimmediateactionenablesustograspsomeone-of-a-life-timeopportunitiessuchasgettingtheapartmentwewantorthelastminuteairlineticket.Ontheotherhand,takingquickactionisnotappropriatebecausesomedecisionscallforresearchandcarefulconsiderationsuchaschoosingwhichuniversitytoattendorwhomtogetmarriedto.However,intheultimateanalysis,Icontendthatwetakepromptactiontoensuresuccess.小白模板•Ithasrecentlybeenannouncedthatanewrestaurantmaybebuiltinyourneighborhood.Doyousupportoropposethisplan?•Whethertheresidentsofaneighborhoodwouldsupportoropposethebuildingofanewrestaurantneartheirhomeswouldlargelydependontherequirementsandneedsoftheneighborhood.Ifitwerearestaurantthatproducedmuchpollutionandwasincompatiblewithotherbusinessinthearea,thentheresidentswouldcertainlyopposetheaction;ifitwerearestaurantthatproducedlittlepollutionandwascompatiblewithotherlocalbusiness,thenmostoftheresidentswerelikelytosupportthenewrestaurant.Providedthatthenewrestaurantbelongstothesecondcategory,Iwelcomeit.小白模板•Governmentfunddevelopingorbuyingcomputertechnology&basicneeds.•Governmentalfunding,whetheritisusedfordevelopingorbuyingcomputertechnology,neednotalwaysprecludesatisfactionofmorebasicneeds.Withwiseplanninganddecisions,oftenbothgoalscanbeachieved.However,forcedtochoosebetweenthetwo,developingorpurchasingcomputertechnologyversusbasicneeds,mostpeoplewouldputpeople’smorebasicneedsfirst.小白模板•提出问题：设问或反问•回答问题：然后是回答•陈述主题：对全文主题陈述问题鱼钩•Knowledgegainedfromexperience&knowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,whichoneismoreimportant?•Weallcraveknowledge,especiallyinthisAgeofInformation,butwhatisthebestsourceofknowledge?ArewetobelieveAlbertCamus,whostated“Theplacewearetogetknowledgeisinbooks”?OrarewebetterservedbyfollowingAlbertEinstein’scounselthat“Theonlysourceofknowledgeisexperience”?Althoughbookshavetheirplaceinone’slearning,thereisnosubstituteforexperience;indeed,itisexperiencethatisultimatelythemostimportantsourceofknowledge.•Somestudentsprefertostudyalone.Othersprefertostudywithagroupofstudents.•Whichlearningstyleismoreproductive,studyingindividuallyorstudyingwithagroupofstudents?Somewantindependentthinkingandaflexiblepace,whileothersvaluegroupdiscussion.Giventhechoice,Iprefertostudywithagroupofstudentsforthefollowingreasons.小白模板•Patienceisusuallynotagoodstrategy.Wewouldtakeactionnowratherthanlater.•Whichpositionmakesmoresense,totakeimmediateactionortopatientlywaitfortherighttime?Theanswertothisquestiondependsonthesituation.Thefirstpositionissoundwhenitcomestoone-of-a-lifetimeopportunitieswhilethesecondpositionisvalidregardingkeyissueslikechoosingwhichuniversitytoattend.Onbalance,Ibelievethatweshouldtakepromptactionmostofthetime.小白模板•做出让步:先摆出对立面的观点与意见，先承认对立面的合理性•驳斥观点:驳斥对立面的观点•陈述主题：在主题陈述中明确表述自己的观点驳斥鱼钩•Physicalexerciseshouldbearequiredpartofeveryschoolday.Otherpeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldspendthewholedayonacademicstudies.•Itistruethatphysicalexerciseisimportant.Forexample,ithelpsstudentsreducestress,loseweight,andimproveacademicperformance.However,itisnottheresponsibilityofaschooltoofferphysicaltrainingtoitsstud