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NonfiniteVerbs(非谓语动词)福建师大二附中2008年4月谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+v.系动词+表语非谓语：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudon’tworkinthefactory.Beingstudents,youdon’tworkinthefactory.过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词高考题巩固题1巩固题2Revision:ThefunctionofV-ing1.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.2.IenjoylearningEnglish.3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.4.Themusicsoundsexciting.5.Myjobisteaching.6.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.7.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.8.Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.9.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)(predicative)(attribute)(objectcomplement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)V-ingasAdverbial1.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.2.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.3.Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.(not)V-ing(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone4.Havingcutofftheelectricity,hepreventedanaccident.5.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.6.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.V-ing的形式Revision（一）动词不定式todo作用（Thefunctionof“todo”）1.Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist?(subject)2.Nothinginlifeistobefeared(predicative)3.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(object)4.Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.(attribute)5.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.(adverbial)6.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(adverbial)7.Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist.(objectcomplement)7.Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromliving…(objectcompement)1.Johnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors.2.Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous.3.Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore.Didn’tyounoticethat.4.Theyseemtoknoweachother.5.Whenmothercameintomyroom,Ipretendedtobereadingaletter.6.I’llwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem.（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态小结(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tohave(been)done(not)tobedoing过去分词done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallentree=atreewhichhasfallen(down)1.形式与含义2.成分1)作表语egSheisinterestedinthejob.\Alltheaudiencesaremoved.2)作定语eg.Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered.AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals.Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.3）作宾补egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday.4)作状语（比较：Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundtheviilageverysmall.=Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthevillageverysmall.）eg.Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.eg.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：1.Foldedinhispocket,theletterwasn’tfounduntiltwentyyearslater.2.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn’tmakehimselfbelieved.3.Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface.3.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.4.Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday.5.Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech.6.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.7.TheboynamedTomisanorphan.adverbialObjectcomplementattributeadverbialObjectcomplementpredicativeadverbialattribute例4Astherewasnobody，hehadtogoalone.There______nobody,hehadtogoalone.Iftimepermits,Iwillgotoseeyou.Time________,Iwillgotoseeyou.Astheworkhadbeenfinished,hewenttobed.Thework_______,hewenttobed.beingpermitting当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构。finished不定式不定式的作用例1.___makesmehappytofindthekey.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.WhetherB解析：不定式做主语，常用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有itisadj.(forsb.)todosth.但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是改for为of.e.g.Itisniceofyoutosayso.It也可充当形式宾语使用。不定式[例2]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用不定式不定式的作用例3:Youarethethirdone_______theroom.A.toenterB.enteringC.enteredA解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词way/chance/opportunity等或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。注意：Ineedapentowritewith.(不及物动词要加介词)[例4]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式解析：因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的作用不定式不定式的作用在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。例5:Youarenotallowed_____thebooksout.A.takingB.totakenC.takeD.totakeD解析：allowsb.todo当被改为被动态时，为sb.beallowedtodo.不定式不定式的作用例6：Igotupearlytocatchthebus.Hewentoutnevertoreturn.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Iamhappytomeet