英语国家概况课件(修订版)

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapterOneGeography,PeopleandLanguageForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesContentsGeographyIPeopleIITheEnglishLanguageIIIForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesIGeography1.GeographicalFeatures2.Climate3.MajorCitiesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesMapoftheUKReadthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannelTheRepublicofIrelandForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesGeographyTheofficialtitleoftheUKtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（since1927)ConventionallyshortenedtoUnitedKingdomAbbreviation:UKTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(England,ScotlandandWales)NorthernIrelandForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesQuestiontoponder:Peopleoftengetconfusedwiththeterms“England”,“Britain”,“GreatBritain”,“UnitedKingdom”,and“BritishIsles”.EvensomeBritishpeoplearenotfullyawareofthepreciserealitythatthesetermsexpress.Dothesetermsmeanthesame?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEnglandManypeoplesayEnglandwhentheyreallymeanTheUnitedKingdom.Thisisnotcorrect!PeopleinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandconsideritinsultingandhatehearingBritainbeingreferredtoas“England”asitappearstoignoretheirexistence.EnglandisonlyaconstituentcountryintheUK,andapartoftheislandofGreatBritain,togetherwithScotlandandWales.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesBritainStrictly,“Britain”referstothelargestislandintheBritishIsles,whichcontainsmodern-dayEngland,WalesandScotlandandislandsgovernedfromthemainland(i.e.notIsleofManorChannelIslands).However,theterm“Britain”ismorecommonlyusedasapoliticalterm:analternativenamefortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesGreatBritainGreatBritainisthecollectivenameforthethreecountriesofEngland,ScotlandandWales.ItalsoincludesthesmalladjacentislandsbutitdoesnotincludetheChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan.GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandtogetherformtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,orUK.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheUnitedKingdom“TheUnitedKingdom”istheabbreviatedformfortheofficialname“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,whichcameintousein1922aftertheconstitutionoftheIrishFreeState(1922-1937),theformernameoftheRepublicofIreland.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheBritishIsles(不列颠群岛）TheBritishIslesisageographicaltermforagroupofislandsconsistingofGreatBritain,thewholeofIreland,andmanyothersmallersurroundingislands.TheBritishIslesarethelargestgroupofislandsinEurope.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesLocationandterritoryLocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49°Nand61°Nandlongitudes8°Wto2°ETotalterritory:about243,000squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTopography(地势）NorthernIreland:It’smostlyhilly.Wales:It’smostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMid-Wales.Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.England:Itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorthwest,northandsouthwest.BenNevisinScotland—thehighestpointinUKForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesRiversandLakesThelongestriver:SevernRiver(about980kmkilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(330kmkilometerslong)ThelargestLakeintheBritishIsles:LoughNeagh（内伊湖）ThamesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesTheRiverThames(泰晤士河)thelongestriverinEnglandandthesecondlongestintheUnitedKingdom(332kilometerslong)ahistoricallandmarkinthecityofLondon.AboatridealongtheThamesisalsosomethingthateveryvisitorshouldexperience.Severalboatracesandactivitiestakeplacealongorattherivereachyear.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesLakeDistrictForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesLakepoetsIWanderedLonelyasaCloud—WilliamWordsworthIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesLakepoetsThewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompan