大规模储能电源参与电网调频研究综述_李欣然

447Vol.44No.7201641PowerSystemProtectionandControlApr.1,2016DOI:10.7667/PSPC150958()Reviewonlarge-scaleinvolvementofenergystorageinpowergridfastfrequencyregulationLIXinran1,HUANGJiyuan2,CHENYuanyang3,LIUWeijian1(1.CollegeofElectricalandInformationEngineering,HunanUniversity,Changsha410082,China;2.StateGridHunanElectricPowerCorporationChangshaPowerSupplyCompany,Changsha410015,China;3.StateGridHunanElectricPowerCorporation,Changsha410007,China;)Abstract:Tosolvethecapacityshortageprobleminpowergridfrequencyregulationcausedbylarge-scaleintegrationofwindpower,energystoragesystem(ESS),withitsfastresponsefeature,canbeintroducedasasupplementarymeanstofrequencyregulationtoachievebettereffects.Thetechnicalstateofenergystorage’sinvolvementinpowergridfastfrequencyregulationisreviewed,includingitsnecessityandfeasibility,simulationmodelsofregionalgridsandESS,coordinationcontrolmethods(ESS’scontrolstrategy,capacityconfigurationandeconomicevaluation,andjointoperationofESSandconventionalgenerators),anditsshortcomingsareanalyzed.Thescientificissuesinthisfieldarerefined,andimportantissuestobefocusedinthisareaaresetforth,i.e.,applicationscenariosanalysis,pricingmechanismdesignandoptimalcapacityallocationofESSinfrequencyregulation.ThisworkissupportedbyNationalBasicResearchProgramofChina(973Program)(No.2012CB215106)andNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.51477043).Keywords:energystorage;frequencyregulation;technical-economy;simulationmodel;coordinationcontrol[1](-146-)[2-3]2008A123XtremePower1MW()/0.5MWh()20MW/5MWh[4-5]1Table1Somedemonstrationprojectsofenergystoragesystemwithfrequencyregulationfunctionaroundtheworld/Kodiak3MW×0.25h2012Notrees36MW×0.25h20124MW×1.5h20022MW×4h20125MW×2h2012Elkins32MW×0.25h20114MW×4h20112MW×0.25h2013StephenTown20MW×0.25h2011/[6][7][8-9][8]t-location[9](/)/()()-147-1.72.720[10]4%p.u./min20MW187.5MW9[11]10MW/3.66MWh36MW3.6[12]($/MW)($/MWh)($/MW)[13]3~5[14]()()[15][4]2.7~4.7[16][17]($/(MW•h))($/(MW•min))(StateofCharge,SOC)50%1211~1871$/kW1MW/1MWh1MW/4MWh1460~1613$/kW1919~3279$/kW[18]()[1]1ACEFig.1Schematicofequivalentmodelforregionalgrids(PowerConversionSystem,PCS)PCS[19-20]-148-[21][22]2∆cons(s)KEΔcons(s)ΔPE(s)TEPCSFig.2Transferfunctionmodelforbatteryenergystorage[23]PCS[24](VehicletoGrid,V2G)[25]PCSPCSKE[26]Prated±20mHz±20~±200mHzKE(Prated/180)MW/mHz[27](KE)3PEF∆fDB∆f0(0)KE1KE2()dΔf/dtHz/sPrated(1)dΔf/dt0Hz/s|Δf|∆fDB/2(2)V2G[28](SOC)KEKESOCKEKmaxSOCSOCrefSOChighSOClowFig.3Anexamplemethodofenergystoragesystemparticipatinginprimaryfrequencyregulation(ParticipationFactor,PF)αE/(AreaControlError,ACE)/()()[29-30][31](AreaRegulationRequirement,ARR)V2G[12](DynamicAvailableAGC,DAA)ACEARRACE44PEA12ACEARR(ACE-149-PIARR)αEFig.4AnexamplemethodofenergystoragesystemparticipatinginsecondaryfrequencyregulationACEARR/SOC/5Fig.5Schematicofcapacityallocationandeconomicevaluationofenergystoragesysteminfrequencyregulation5/[32]11SOCSOC[33][34][35][36]SOC[26](450MW20%)(20)[37]50MW5.3MW/3MWhVRB10%-150-30min(1)()LCCLCCNETRESLCCCAPACITYENERGYRES=1invO&MscrLCC=1(+)=(1+)(++)=(1+)TttTttPNCPPNNrCCCCr(1)PNETNRESCLCCPCAPACITYPENERGYN300TLCCrCinvCO&MCscrPIPIPI[38]PI[39]μ-SOC50%[40]AGCACEACE[41][42]SOCSOCSOCSOC50%()(1)-151-()(2)(1)(2)()()(3)(1)(2)/(3)()KUNDURP.[M].:,2002:389-410.,,.min[J].,2015,43(3):1-6.FENGJiangxia,LIANGJun,FENGYikun.Optimizationcalculationofwindfarmstoragecapacitybasedonminute-scalewindpowercharacteristic[J].PowerSystemProtectionandControl,2015,43(3):1-6.,,.[J].,2015,27(1):37-42,48.JIANGRunzhou,QIUXiaoyan,CHENGuangtang.Optimalconfigurationmethodofhybridenergystoragesystemforwindfarm[J].ProceedingsoftheCSU-EPSA,2015,27(1):37-42,48.,,,.[J].,2013,37(1):9-13.CHENDayu,ZHANGLizi,WANGShu,etal.DevelopmentofenergystorageinfrequencyregulationmarketofUnitedStatesanditsenlightenment[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2013,37(1):9-13.,,,.[J].,2015,43(7):149-154.ZHANGChuan,YANGLei,NIUTongyang,etal.Comparisonandanalysisofenergystoragetechnologytobalancefluctuationofwindpoweroutput[J].PowerSystemProtectionandControl,2015,43(7):149-154.MIAOFufeng,TANGXisheng,QIZhiping.Fluctuationfeatureextractionofwindpower[C]//IEEEInnovativeSmartGridTechnologies-Asia,Tianjin,May21-24,2012:1-5.BANAKARH,LUOChangling,OOIBT.Impactsofwindpowerminute-to-minutevariationsonpowersystemoperation[J].IEEETransactionsonPowerSystems,2007,23(1):150-160.,,,.[J].,2014,35(4):617-623.CUIYang,LIUJia,YANGangui,etal.Effectofon-gridwindpowerfluctuationonfrequencystabilityofelectricpowersystem[J].ActaEnegiaeSolarisSinica,2014,35(4):617-623.,,,.[J].,2014,38(14):1-8.DINGLi,QIAOYing,LUZongxiang,etal.Impactonfrequencyregulationofpowersystemfromwindpower-152-withhighpenetration[J].AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2014,38(14):1-8.LINJ,DAMATOG,HANDP.Energystorage-acheaper,fasterandcleaneralternativetoconventionalfrequencyregulation[R].Strategen,CESA,2011:1-15.SASAKIT,KADOYAT,ENOMOTOK.Studyonloadfrequencycontrolusingredoxflowbatteries[J].IEEETransactionsonPowerSystems,2002,19(1):660-667.CHENGYunzhi,TABRIZIM,SAHNIM,etal.DynamicavailableAGCbasedapproach