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TheComplexSentencesinJuniorEnglish:初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：TheObjectClause(宾语从句)、TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)和TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。Ⅰ.TheObjectClause(宾语从句)宾语从句是英语复合句中用来充当宾语的句子。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序.1.that+陈述句的宾语从句例如:Hesaysthat______________________.(他想要和你通话)I’msorry(that)___________________他现在不在这里that本身无意义,不充当任何成分,常被省略hewantstospeaktoyou.heisn’thererightnow.Note:1.宾语从句的否定转移：主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。Ithinkchickenscannotswim.()Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.()此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：Ithinkheiswrong,_________?Hethinksheisright,___________?isn’thedoesn’the2.if/whether+一般疑问句的宾语从句if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中;whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：Sheaskedmeif/whether________________.我是否能帮助她Idon’tknowif/whether__________________是否将要下雨Icouldhelpheritisgoingtorain.Note:只用whether的四种情况：2.直接与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhethertheywillcomeornot.1.在介词后I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.3.Whether+动词不定式Checkthepricesbeforeyoudecidewhethertobuyone4.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,wherehow,why+特殊疑问句的宾语从句例如:Doyouknow___________________________?谁下午将要来Didyouhear______________?她说过什么吗Wedidn’tknow_________________________她将什么时候回来Whowillcomethisafternoonwhathesaidwhenshewouldcomeback.连接代词/连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定的子成份,不能省略(主语)(宾语)(状语)关于宾语从句的时态对应*特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制Hesaysthathe______toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Hesaidthathe______toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Theteachertoldusthattheearth____roundthesun.(go)wantswantedgoes主句从句1、一般现在时A.过去的某一种时态2、一般过去时B.根据句意选择时态宾语从句小结1、_________引导陈述句。2、__________引导特殊疑问句。3、__________引导一般疑问句。4、宾语从句要用__________语序。5、主句、从句时态要对应。that特殊疑问词if/whether陈述句Ⅱ.TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。Whenyougetoffthebus,youmustn’tpushothers.(时间状语从句)主句Mymotherwillcomeifitdoesn’traintomorrow.主句(条件状语从句)1.由when,while,before,after,until,assoonasnot….until引导的时间状语从句)1)________________________,youmustn’tpushothers.当你下车时2)Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfast________________________________在他们上学之前Whenyougetoffthebusbeforetheywenttoschool3)Theytalkedabouttheparty___________________在人们离开后afterthepeopleleft.4)Iwillwait__________________________.直到他来为止untilhecomesNote:在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1)主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Pleasedon’tgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：e.g.IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.2.(地点状语从句)1)Introducedbywheree.g.Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.2)Introducedbywherevere.g.I’llgowhereveryougo.3.(原因状语从句)1)Introducedbybecausebecause语气最强，它着重说明原因。用why提问的问句必须用because回答，不能用as,since；e.g.--Whydidn’thecome?--Becausehewasill.2)Introducedbysincesince语气比较弱，表示关系上的自然结果，尤其用于对已经清楚了的因素，常译成“既然”，“鉴于”，通常从句放在主句前；e.g.Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnachance.3)Introducedbyasas语气最弱，只表示一般的因果关系，从句放在主句前或后均可；e.g.Ashedidn’tknowthemeaningoftheword,helookeditupinhisdictionary.Note:for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。e.g.Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.4.(条件状语从句)1)条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=ifnot)引导，从句中常用一般时代替将来时，即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是，主句则通常用将来时，情态动词或祈使句。e.g.Ifhedoesn’tcomeontime,wewon’tknowwhattoknow.Hemustcomeifheistold.Pleaseletmeknowifhecomesback.I’llgothereunlessitrains.5.(结果状语从句)1)IntroducedbysothatTherearebigtreesaroundthehousesothatitcanhardlybeseenbypassers-by.2)Introducedbyso…that/such…thatHewalkedsofastthatIcouldn’tkeepupwithhim.Hemadesuchagoodreportthateverybodywaspleased.6.比较状语从句1)Introducedbyas…as/notso…as;than…ThisquestionisnotsodifficultasIthought.Thefilmismuchbetterthanweexpected.2)IntroducedbyThemore…,themoreThemoreheheardthesong,thelesshelikedit.Ⅲ.TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。ThisisTom.Tomgaveusatalkyesterday.----ThisisTomwho(that)gaveusatalkyesterday.先行词定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which引导定语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why一、who,whom,whose引导的定语从句1.who在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedheryesterday.2.whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g.Theman(whom)yousawlastweekhasleftthetown.3.whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g.Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor.Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.二、that,which引导的定语从句它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。1.that,which在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g.Heroisthefilmthat/whichwasdirectedbyZhangYimou.2.that,which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g.Isthisthefilm(that/which)youtalkedaboutlastweek?注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。e.g.Thehouseinwhichheoncelivedisameeting-room.=Thehouse(which)heoncelivedinisameeting-room.知识拓展：引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，尽管可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that，而不用which：1.先行词是复合不定代词everything,anything,nothing等时。e.g.Shedidn’tforgetanything(that)hermotherhadtoldhertobuy.2.先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时。e.g.Thisisthefirsttextbook(that)Istudiedintheprimaryschool./Heisinthelastrowthatisnexttothewindow.3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.Thatisthehighestbuilding(th