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外文资料digitalvoltagemeterBasedonsingle-chiptechnologySinglechipisanintegratedonasinglechipacompletecomputersystem.Eventhoughmostofhisfeaturesinasmallchip,butithasaneedtocompletethemajorityofcomputercomponents:CPU,memory,internalandexternalbussystem,mostwillhavetheCore.Atthesametime,suchasintegratedcommunicationinterfaces,timers,real-timeclockandotherperipheralequipment.Andnowthemostpowerfulsingle-chipmicrocomputersystemcanevenvoice,image,networking,inputandoutputcomplexsystemintegrationonasinglechip.Alsoknownassingle-chipmicroprocessor,firstbecauseitwasusedinthefieldofindustrialcontrol.Onlybythesingle-chipCPUchipdevelopedfromthededicatedprocessor.ThedesignconceptisthefirstbyalargenumberofperipheralsandCPUinasinglechip,thecomputersystemsothatsmaller,moreeasilyintegratedintothecomplexanddemandingonthevolumecontroldevices.INTELtheZ80isoneofthefirstdesigninaccordancewiththeideaoftheprocessor,Fromthenon,theMCUandthedevelopmentofadedicatedprocessorpartedways.Atpresent,single-chiptoinfiltrateallareasofourlives,whichisverydifficulttofindtheareaofalmostnotracesofsingle-chipmicrocomputer.Missilenavigationequipment,aircraftcontrolonavarietyofinstruments,computernetworkcommunicationsanddatatransmission,industrialautomation,real-timeprocesscontrolanddataprocessing,arewidelyusedinavarietyofsmartICcard,limousineciviliansecuritysystems,videorecorders,cameras,thecontrolofautomaticwashingmachines,aswellasprogram-controlledtoys,electronicpet,etc.,whichareinseparablefromthesingle-chipmicrocomputer.Nottomentionthefieldofrobotautomation,intelligentinstrumentation,medicalequipmenthasbeen.Throughoutthedevelopmentprocessofsingle-chip,youcanindicatethedevelopmenttrendofsingle-chip,generallyare:1.Oflow-powerCMOSMCS-51seriesof8031introducedthepowerconsumptionof630mW,andnowwidespreadinthesingle-chip100mWorso,withthegrowingdemandforlow-powersingle-chip,andnowallthebasicsingle-chipmanufacturersareuseofCMOS(complementarymetaloxidesemiconductorprocess).Asthe80C51ontheuseofHMOS(highdensitymetaloxidesemiconductorprocess)andCHMOS(high-densitycomplementarymetaloxidesemiconductorprocess).AlthoughtheCMOSlowpowerconsumption,butbecauseofitsphysicalcharacteristicstodetermineitsspeedisnothighenough,andthenCHMOSwithhigh-speedandlowpowerconsumptioncharacteristicsofthesefeatures,itismoresuitableinlowpowerconsumption,asbattery-poweredapplications.Therefore,theprocessforsometimetocomewillbethemainwaytodevelopsingle-chipmicrocomputer.2.Singal-chipofmicro-chipNowgenerallyinconventionalsingle-chipwillbethecentralprocessingunit(CPU),randomaccessdatastorage(RAM),read-onlyprogrammemory(ROM),parallelandserialcommunicationinterface,systeminterruption,timingcircuits,integratedcircuitclockinasinglechip,enhancedsingle-chipintegration,suchasA/Dconverter,PMW(pulsewidthmodulationcircuit),WDT(watchdog),andsomewillbesingle-chipLCD(LCD)driverintegratedcircuitsareinasinglechip,thisunitincludessingle-chipcircuitsonmoreandmorepowerfulfeatures.Evensingle-chipmanufacturerscanalsobetailoredinaccordancewiththerequirementsofusers,tocreateasinglechipwithitsownchipcharacteristics.3.Mainstreamandmulti-speciescoexistenceAlthoughawidevarietyofsingle-chip,unique,butstillsingle-chipmicrocomputer80C51prevailingatthecore,compatiblewithitsstructureandcommandsystemofPHILIPSproducts,ATMELcompany'sproductsandChinaTaiwan'sWinbondSeriessingle-chipmachine.Therefore,single-chipmicrocomputerasthecoreC8051occupiedthehalf.Microchip'sPICandreducedinstructionset(RISC)hasastrongdevelopmentmomentumofChinaTaiwanHOLTEKsingle-chipcompaniesinrecentyears,increasingproduction,withitshighqualitylow-costadvantages,tooccupyacertainmarketshare.MOTOROLAadditiontothecompany'sproducts,severallargecompaniesinJapan'sexclusivesingle-chipmicrocomputer.Acertainperiodoftime,thissituationwillcontinuetobeupheld,therewillnotbeasingle-chipmonopolydomination,takingthecomplementaryinterdependence,complementarityandcommondevelopment.AT89C51isaflickerwith4KbytesEEPROM-programmablelow-voltage,high-performancedigitalmicroprocessorsCMOS8,commonlyknownassingle-chipmicrocomputer.AT89C2051isaflickerwith2KbytesEEPROMprogrammablemicrocontroller.MCUEEPROMerasurecanberepeated100times.ThedeviceATMELmanufacturehigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologywithindustry-standardMCS-51instructionsetandpincompatibleoutput.Owingtothemulti-purpose8-bitCPUandflashmemorychipsinasingleportfolio,ATMEL'sAT89C51microcontrollerisahighlyefficient,AT89C2051isastreamlinedversionofit.AT89Csingle-chipembeddedcontrolsystemformanyprovidesaflexibleandinexpensiveprogram.AT89C51performance:1.AndMCS-51compatible2.4KbytesofprogrammableFlashMemory3.Lifeexpectancy:1000write/wipecycle4.Dataretentiontime:10years5.Staticworkofthewhole:0Hz-24MHz6.Three-levelProgramMemoryLock7.128×8-bitinternalRAM8.32ProgrammableI/Olines9.Two16-bittimer/counter10.5InterruptSources11.ProgrammableSerialChannel12.Low-poweridleandpower-downmode13.ChiposcillatorandclockcircuitryReferredtoasdigitalvoltagemeterDVM,itisadigitalmeasurementtechnology,thecontinuousanalog(DCinputvoltage)intoanon-continuous,di