乔叟的介绍课件Geoffrey Chaucer

GeoffreyChaucer(1343-1400)HistoricalEvents•TheCrusaders•BlackDeath•historicalbackgroundofmidengland.pptQuiz1.GeoffreyChaucer’sbest-knownworkis______________________,ofwhichthegeneralprologueisconsideredthebestpartandmostofwhicharewrittenin______________（英雄双韵体），apairofrhymingiambicpentameter.2.Inwhichseasondoesthepoemtakeplace?Howdoyouknow?3.Wheredothepeople(thepalmers)startfor?Howmanyofthemdoesthenarratorhappentomeet?4.Whoisthefirstpersonthatthenarratorbeginshisintroduction?5.Whydoesthenarratorthinkofthismanas“amostdistinguishedman”?GeoffreyChaucer(1343-1400)•KnownasthefatherofEnglishPoetry.•Firsttowriteinthevernacular,thelanguageofthepeople,whichisnowknownasMiddleEnglish.•Hadnotbeenfashionabletowriteintheeverydaylanguage,Mostliterature,science,diplomacy,andreligionwerewritteninLatinorFrench.HistoricalBackground•TheHundredYears’WarbetweenEnglandandFrance.•Thepeasantuprisingof1381.GeoffreyChaucer•Hisyearofbirthisdisputed,buthewasprobablybornin1343or1344•Hecamefromafamilyofprosperouswine-merchantswhohadrisingfortunesandsomestandingatcourt•HisgrandfatherandfatherhadstartedthefamilyinacareerofpublicserviceGeoffreyChaucer•Chaucer’sgrandfatherhadbeencollectorofcustomsonwinesfromAquitaine•HisfatherhadattendedEdwardIIIinFlandersin1338,andin1348wasappointedtocollectthecustom(tax)onclothsincertainportsGeoffreyChaucer•ChaucerbeganhispublicserviceinthehouseofElizabeth,CountessofUlster,wifeofPrinceLionel,secondsonofEdwardIII•Duringhislife,heheldanumberofpublicpositionsandevenservedas“knightoftheshire”forKent(i.e.,wastherepresentativeinParliament)GeoffreyChaucer•ChaucerservedintheEnglisharmyandwastakenprisonerinFrancein1359.•HereturnedtoEnglandin1360•Chaucermarriedwell.HemarriedPhilippa,daughterofSirPaonRoetofHainaultin1366•Chaucer’swifePhilippawasthesistertoJohnofGaunt’sthirdwifeGeoffreyChaucer•JohnofGauntwasChaucer’swife’sbrother-in-law,andthefourthandlongest-livedsonofEdwardIII,aswellasthefatherofHenryIVandChaucer’spatron•JohnofGaunt(thedukeofLancaster)diedin1399,theyearbeforeChaucerdiedGeoffreyChaucer•PartlyduetoJohnofGaunt’spatronage,Chaucertraveledabroadonnumerousdiplomaticmissions•In1374ChaucerwasappointedcontrollerofcustomsintheportofLondonandleasedhishouseoverAldgateGeoffreyChaucer•ChaucerdiedonOct25,1400andwasburiedinthePoets’CornerofWestminsterAbbey,whereamonumentwaserectedtohimin1555•Apparentlysensingthathehadpeaked,Chaucerstoppedwritingathisdeath.•Bornin1343,notlongafter100Years’warbegan•Middleclassfamily(father–merchant)•Education–readalot;becameapagetoawealthyfamilytolearnmannersandcustoms.•Hadseveralnoblepatrons,includingJohnofGaunt,sonofKingEdwardIII.•AlsoservedasgovernmentofficialtoEdwardIII,RichardII,andHenryIV.•CapturedinFranceduringwarandransomwaspaidbytheking.•ChaucerdiedonOctober25,1400.•BuriedinWestminsterAbbey,thefirstEnglishwritertobeburiedintheareanowcalledPoet’scorner.GeoffreyChaucer—HisWriting•Chaucerwentthroughthreeperiodswithhiswriting,largelydependantonthestyleshewasimitatingandthewritershewasreading•Hedemonstratedthroughouthiscareerthathewasaverywell-readman•HesteadilydevelopedhisartisticskillandintellectualstatureGeoffreyChaucer—HisWriting•Chaucer’swritingsindicateafamiliaritywithVirgil,Ovid,Boethius,Petrarch,Dante,andBocaccio•The“Frenchperiod,”(1355-1370)culminatedinTheBookoftheDuchessinc.1370,whichwasanelegyonthedeathofBlanche,firstwifeofJohnofGauntGeoffreyChaucer—HisWriting•Chaucer’s“Italianperiod”(1370-1385)includesTheHouseofFame,afragmentarysatire,inthe1370s,andthemature,Italian-influencedlovestoryTroilusandCriseyde,c.1385,aswellasatranslationoftheConsolationofPhilosophybyBoethius•Hisfinalperiod,consideredhis“Englishperiod”(1385-1400)includesmostofTheCanterburyTalesandhisshortlyricsGeoffreyChaucer—HisWriting•ThroughouthiscareerChaucerwroteshortpieces—courtlylyrics,agroupofballadsdealingwithBoethianthemes,somepersonalpiecesofastonishingquality,andmanytranslationsoradaptationsLiterature•1stpoem,TheBookoftheDuchess,aboutJohnofGaunt’swifewhohaddiedoftheplague.•1387–beganTheCanterburyTales–nevercompletedit.•ConsideredoneofthegreatestworksoftheEnglishLanguage.•LeftagreatpictureoflifeduringtheMiddleAges.•Favoriterhymeschemeisthecouplet.TheCanterburyTalesTheCanterburyTales•Probablydesignedabout1387,extendsto17,000linesinproseandverseofvariousmeters(althoughtherhymingcoupletisthepredominantform)•Someofthestoriesmayhavebeenwrittenearlierandthenincorporatedintothecollection•Talesarefromvarioussources.ChaucerwasgiftedatadaptingmaterialnothisowntooriginalusesTheGeneralPrologueTheCanterburyTales•TheGeneralProloguedescribesthemeetingofthe29pilgrimsintheTabardInninSouthwark(thereareactually31ofthem)•Charactersrepresentacrosssectionofcontemporarymiddle-classEnglishsociety•Hemayhavehadrealpeopleinmindwhenhecreatedparticularcharacters,butinmostcaseshechosedetailsthatwouldtypifyhischaractersasrepresentativesofparticularclassesoroutlooksWhyaretheytraveling?•Thetravelersareona“pilgrimage”tothecathedralinCanterbury•ThomasàBecket,ArchbishopofCanterbury,hadbeenslainontheordersofthekingduringaChurchandcrownd