Grammar宾语从句和表语从句

ObjectClauses宾语从句M3U3Grammar1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）什么是宾语？•Iknowhim.•Doyouhavethetime?•Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.•Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句（一）引导词123e.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmoves由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略aroundthesunthat——不能省略的2种情况（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾）•IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.•Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.（1）当that作介词except,in宾语时•Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.•IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.3.Iwonder____________________________.4.Couldyoutellme________________________?if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。whether(if)MrLilivesherewhether与if的辨用•表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。•a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a..当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意whether和if的使用区别Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做宾语否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.我认为你今天无法完成工作。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.三、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.•Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.•IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。•Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.•Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.•Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.4.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)willbegoeshavereturnedhadbeenrises宾语从句三要素时态Summary(小结）引导词（连接词）语序1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABCPractice5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCDDiscoveringusefulstructuresAnswerkeyforExercise1onpage21Well,whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout?Mayweaskwhatyouaredoinginthiscountry?PredicativeClauses表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,rema