《傲慢与偏见》对话中的言语行为 英文

毕业论文《傲慢与偏见》对话中的言语行为姓名：李烁学号：2007010314039学院：应用文理学院专业：英语语言文化指导教师：都宁2010年4月25日北京联合大学毕业论文iiSpeechActintheconversationsofPrideandPrejudiceAThesisSubmittedToTheDepartmentofForeignLanguagesandCultureInPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsintheSubjectofEnglishLanguageandLiteratureByLiShuoDirectedByDuNingCollegeofArtsandSciences,BeijingUnionUniversityBeijingApril2010北京联合大学毕业论文i摘要言语行为理论，最早由牛津大学语言学家JohnL.Austin所创建，后来美国语言学家JohnR.Searle在其基础上将言语行为理论发展壮大。它作为语用学的一类，近年来被广泛应用到文学分析中。之所以可以将言语行为理论与文学作品相结合，一方面是因为文学作品可以为理论分析提供丰富的语料，另一方面从该角度对文学作品进行分析也可以帮我们更好地理解文学作品。随着语用学的发展壮大，这种文学与语言学的结合形式必将迈入一个新的纪元。本文将以语言学家塞尔的言语行为理论为框架，以英国著名作家简.奥斯丁的代表作之一《傲慢与偏见》为文本，着重从言外作用角度即：阐述类、指令类、承诺类、表达类和宣告类这五种基本言语行为对小说主人公伊丽莎白与达西的对话进行分析和解读，从而反应出小说人物之间的矛盾冲突，并进一步验证了用言语行为理论对文学作品进行赏析的可行性。关键词：言语行为，言外作用，偏见北京联合大学毕业论文iiAbstractSpeechActTheoryisthefirstmajortheoryinthestudyoflanguageinuse,whichwasoriginatedwiththeOxfordphilosopherJohnLangshawAustinandthendevelopedbytheAmericanphilosopherJohnR.Searle.Asoneofthemeansinpragmatics,itcandealwithparticularutterancesinliteratureworksbecauseononehand,literatureworksofferresourcefulrawmaterialsforlinguisticstudy;onetheotherhand,theuseoflinguistictheoryintheliteraturegivesusabetterunderstandingoftheworks.Withthedevelopmentofpragmaticsespeciallythespeechacttheory,itscombinationwithliteratureleadsusintoanewera.Accordingly,thepresentresearch,onthebasisofSearle’sspeechacttheorywillanalyzetheillocutionaryforceintheconversationbetweenElizabethandDarcyundervarioussettingsinPrideandPrejudicetointerpretElizabeth’sprejudiceagainstDarcy.Keywords:speechacttheory,illocutionaryforces,prejudice北京联合大学毕业论文iiiContentsIntroduction…………………………………………………………………………11ClassificationofSpeechActs……………………………………………….…….21.1ThreeLevelsofSpeechActs….…………………………………………………..21.2ClassificationofIllocutionaryActs……………………………………………....32AnalysisofIllocutionaryActsinPrideandPrejudice…………………………..42.1ElizabethandDarcy’sConversationinPrideandPrejudiceasAssertives……….52.2ElizabethandDarcy’sConversationinPrideandPrejudiceasDirectives….........62.3ElizabethandDarcy’sConversationinPrideandPrejudiceasCommissives……72.4ElizabethandDarcy’sConversationinPrideandPrejudiceasExpressives..........92.5ElizabethandDarcy’sConversationinPrideandPrejudiceasDeclarations…....9Conclusion……………………………………………………………..……………..9WorksCited…………………………………………………………………………10Bibliography………………………………………………………………………...11Acknowledgements.………………………………………………...…………...….11北京联合大学毕业论文1IntroductionSpeechActTheoryisthefirstmajortheoryinthestudyoflanguageinuse,whichwasoriginatedwiththeOxfordphilosopherJohnLangshawAustin(胡,186),andthendevelopedbytheAmericanphilosopherJohnR.Searle.ItisunderSearle’sinfluencethatthestudyofperformativesbecomesthestudyof“speechacts”.MostofthemajorterminologyofthesubjecttodaycomesfromSearle.AccordingtoVanhoozer’sdelightfulcharacterization,“IfAustinistheLutherofspeechactphilosophy,JohnSearlemaybeconsidereditsMelanchthon—itssystematictheologian”(Briggs,qtd.inVanhoozer209)Speechacttheory,asoneofthemeansinPragmatics,candealwithparticularutterancesinliteratureworksbecauseononehand,literatureworksofferresourcefulrawmaterialsforlinguisticstudy;onetheotherhand,theuseoflinguistictheoryintheliteraturegivesusabetterunderstandingoftheworks.Withthedevelopmentofpragmaticsespeciallythespeechacttheory,itscombinationwithliteraturecreatesanewera.MarryLouisePratt,inherbookTowardaSpeechActTheoryofLiteraryDiscoursedemonstratesthat“Thereisnovalidreasontoassumethatlanguagestopsbeingitselfwhenitentersaliterarywork…itisbothpossibleandnecessarytodevelopaunifiedtheoryofdiscoursewhichallowsustotalkaboutliteratureinthesametermsweusetotalkaboutalltheotherthingspeopledowithlanguage”(朱小舟,qtd.inPatt14).PrideandPrejudice,oneofthewell-knownEnglishnovels,offersanexcellentliteraturerawmaterialforpeopletoanalyzeSpeechActTheorywhichhasbeenstudiedbymanypredecessorsthroughthecombinationofotherlinguistictheories,suchasironytheoryandconversationaltheory.InanessaycalledTHEPRAGMATICALPENETRATIONINPRIDEANDPREJUDICE——TheReflectionofSpeechActTheoryandViolationsofCooperativePrincipleinPrideandPrejudice,theauthorpaysattentiontotheillocutionarymeaninginthenovelbasedonSearle’sSpeechActTheoryandGrice’sCooperativePrincipletoanalyzeitscharacters’conversationsandbehaviorstoshowthenovel’sartisticcharm.Moreovertheauthoralsofocusesonhowthesetheoriesareusedinthenoveltoreflectthepersonalityandtheme.(吕,113)北京联合大学毕业论文2Accordingtotheformerstudies,thispaperwilltakeJaneAustin’smasterpiecePrideandPrejudiceasthetargettextinwhichthestory’soverallmeaningresidestoalargeextentintheparticularspeechactsperformedbythetwoprotagonistsintheircommunicationwitheachother,inwhichtheseindividualspeechactsaresequencedinthestory,andinthewaythefiguralspeechactsarecontextualizedwithspeechactsonthelevelofnarrativetransmission.1ClassificationofSpeechActs1.1ThreeLevelsofSpeechActsTherearethreelevelsofaspeechact,i.e.locutionaryact,illocutionaryact,andperlocutionaryact,accordingtoSearle.Thefirstlevelmeanswhenwespeakweproduceasound,word,orsentence.Theactperform