专业艺术英语-中国戏曲 Chinese Opera

ChineseOpera中国戏曲ContentsIntroductionVarietiesPekingOperaIntroduction-----ChineseOperasChineseOperahasbeenacknowledgedasoneofthegreatestancientdramasintheworld,parallelingtheComediesandTragediesofGreeceandtheSanskrit（梵文）DramaofIndia.TheChineseoperaisatraditionalformofstageentertainment,weavingtogetherelementsofmime,dance,song,dialogue,swordplay,andacrobaticsintoonefluidcontinuousflow.Gestures,movementsandexpressionsincorporatedwithineachperformer'sscriptcometogethertobringforthanimpressiveperformance.Introduction-----ChineseOperas•IncontrasttoWesternstageentertainment,whichissubdividedintodifferentcategoriessuchasopera,dramaandsketches（幽默短剧）,Chineseoperahasremainedfaithfultoitsoriginalformatoverthecenturies.•Theirorigincanbetracedbacktoprimitivesocietybuttheprototype(雏形)forChineseoperaactuallyappearedintheSongdynastyabout800yearsago.Introduction-----ChineseOperasAlthoughsharingacommonancestry,Chineseoperaboastsover300variousdistinctforms-takingtheirnamesfromtheirplacesoforigin.Theseformsaregenerallydiscernible（可是别的）bytheiruseoflocaldialectsanddistinct'melodies'.Beijingoperaisconsideredbymosttobethemostrefined.AlsowidespreadarePingjuOpera,KunquOpera,ShaoxingOpera,HenanOpera,SichuanOpera,ShanxiOpera,HuangmeiOpera,HuaguOperaandYangkoOpera.SomeChineseethnicminoritygroupshavesomelocalformofoperas.VarietiesNorthernBeijingopera京剧Errenzhuan二人转(NortheastChina)Hebeibangzi河北梆子(Hebei)Jiju吉剧(Jilin)Lüju吕剧(Shandong)Pingju评剧(Hebei)Puju蒲剧(Shanxi)Qinqiang/Qindynastyopera秦腔(Shaanxi)Shandongbangzi(Shandong)Shanxibangzi(Shanxi)Southern(main)Cantoneseopera(Guangdong)ChaozhouoperaGanju/Yiyangqiang(Jiangxi)Huju(Shanghai)KunquLiyuanoperaPuppetoperaShaoxingopera/Yueju(Zhejiang)Suzhouopera(Suzhou)TaiwaneseoperaWuju(Jinhua)VarietiesofChineseOperaOver300typesalltogetherBeijingOpera（京剧）YueOpera（越剧）HuangmeiOpera（黄梅戏）YuOpera（豫剧）PingOpera（评剧）KunOpera（昆剧）HebeiClapperOpera（河北梆子）ChuanOpera（川剧）YueOpera（越剧）LuOpera(吕剧）BeijingOpera（京剧）BeijingOpera,oncecalled'PekingOpera',isthemostinfluentialandrepresentativeofalloperasinChinaandhasahistoryofover200years.BeijingOperaisnoticeableforfourhighlysystemizedcategoriesofsinging,acting,recitingandacrobaticfighting.TheFourrolesinBeijingOperaFamousPlaysinBeijingOperaTheGatheringOfHeroes《群英会》TheEmptyCity《空城计》TheOrphanoftheZhao《赵氏孤儿》TheFemaleGeneralsoftheYang《杨门女将》RedLantern《红灯记》TheSparksinReedMarshes《芦荡火种》ToTaketheWeihuMountainbyStrategy《智取威虎山》YueOpera越剧YueOperaisalocaloperapopularinthesouthernregionsoftheChangjiangRiver.YueOperahasahistoryofnearly100years.ThefamousperformerYuanXuefen（袁雪芬）,contributedsignificantlytothereformofthisopera.WellknownplaysincludeTheButterfly’sLove《梁山伯与祝英台》,TheDreamofRedMansions《红楼梦》andTheWestChamber《西厢记》.HuangmeiOpera黄梅戏HuangmeiOpera,oncecalled'HuangmeiTune'（黄梅调）,isalocaloperainAnhuiProvince,wasbasicallyderivedfromthe'CaichaTune'（采茶调,tea-pickingtunes）ofHuangmeicounty.TheHuangmeiOperausesthetalentsofthewell-knownperformer,YanFengying（阎凤英）,andthetraditionalplaysareTheHeavenlyMaidandtheMortal《天仙配》andFemaleSon-in-LawoftheEmperor《女驸马》。YuOpera豫剧YuOpera,alsocalled'HenanClapperOpera'（河南梆子）or'HenanHighTune'（河南高调）,isamajorlocaloperainHenanProvinceandenjoysnationwidepopularity.Therearemorethan600traditionalplaysintherepertoireofYuOpera,amongthemarePlayingShortSpears《对花枪》andTheBeheadingofChenShimei《铡美案》.ThemostfamousperformerisChangXiangyu（常香玉）.PingOpera评剧PingOperaisatraditionaloperawidelypopularinBeijing,Tianjin,NorthandNortheastChina.Itisespeciallygoodatreflectinglifeofurbanpeopleandhasgainedgreatfavorfrompeoplebothinruralandurbanareas.ClassicplaysincludeFlower,aMatchmaker《花为媒》andDuShiNiang《杜十娘》,tonamejustafew.RepresentativeperformersareXiaoBaiYushuang（小白玉霜）andXinFengxia（新风霞）.KunOpera昆曲KunOpera,alsocalled'KunshanQiang'(昆山腔)',originatedintheKunshanregionofJiangsuProvince.ItisoneofChina'sclassicaloperaswithahistoryofmorethan600years.ThetraditionalplaysofKunOperaincludeTheInjusticetoDouE《窦娥冤》,TheWestChamber《西厢记》,ThePeachBlossomFan《桃花扇》,ThePeonyPavilion《牡丹亭》andPalaceofEternalYouth《长生殿》.TherepresentativeperformersareYuZhenfei（俞振飞）andHongXuefei（洪雪飞）.HebeiClapperOpera河北梆子HebeiClapperOperaisalocaloperawhichoriginatedinHebeiProvince,yetalsobecameverypopularinBeijing,TianjinandsomeregionsofHebei,Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang,InnerMongoliaandShandongProvinces.RepresentativeplaysincludeTheGeneralsoftheYang《杨家将》,LotusLantern《宝莲灯》andQinXianglian《秦香莲》.ChuanOpera川剧ChuanOperaisoneoftheoldestlocaloperasinChina,mainlyprevalentinSichuanprovinceandpartsofYunnanandGuizhouprovinces.TherearesomeuniqueandrarefeaturesofChuanOperausedtodepict（描绘）certaincharacters.Forexample,theactorswithathirdeyeontheirforeheadcansuddenlyopenitandhaveaninsightintothepastandthefuture;someactorscanchangetheirfacialmake-upswithaquickswingofthehead;andsomeareproficientatjumpingthroughburninghoopsorhidingswords.Theyareperfectlyintegratedwiththeplotoftheplay,themoodandthepersonalityofthecharacters.YueOpera粤剧YueOperaisamajoroperaprevalentinareaswherepeoplespeakGuangdongdialect,suchasGuangdongandGuangxi