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GenderandLove:Womenthesecondsex梁凤卿黄华姬Contentscasesstudyintroducethewriter,SimonedeBeauvoirintroducethebook,thesecondsexfeminism:thenewfeminismandthetraditionalfeminismContentsoftheselectedchapters西蒙娜·德·波伏娃（SimonedeBeauvoir)•Feminist,writer,andideologistinFranceinthe20C.•oneofthefounderandtheoristoffeminismmovement•majorthought:existentialism西蒙·德·波伏娃TheSecondSex(LeDeuxièmeSexe)•comment:•thebibleofwesternwomen•themostcomprehensive,mostrationalandwisestbookondiscussingwomen'sproblems•andsituation=aladdin#3第二性《第二性》TheContentofTheSecondSex•analysewomen'ssituation,statusandrights•revealstherealcausesofwomen'spoorsituation•TheThemeofTheSecondSex•appealwomentofightfortheirrights,freedom,independenceandequality•criticizethegenderdiscriminationTheMeaningofTheSecondSex•在哲学范畴中，所谓第一性primary，就是根源、基础，具有先在性；•第二性secondary，就是派生、结果，具有后发性。第一性决定第二性，第二性从属于第一性（《波伏娃_第二性_的书名隐喻性内涵分析》）。•philosophy:womanissubordinateandinferiortoman,manistheessence,manisdominant.History从远古时期开始，女人就一直处于被奴役、被压迫的地位,一直是男人的“他者”，而不是具有平等权利的“人”，女人充其量不过是个第二性别；女人作为从属性别并不是一个简单的过程，而是一个久远的历史问题(《波伏娃_第二性_的书名隐喻性内涵分析》）。womenwereoppressedandenslavedtomen.womenwerenothumanbeingspossessingequality.womenwerejustthesecondsex,thesubordinatesex.Politics•波伏娃认为所谓女性气质的决定因素是整个文明体系，是因为男人的蓄意所为，女人才会被确定为“他者”（《波伏娃_第二性_的书名隐喻性内涵分析》).•feminityofwomenisimposedbythepatriarchalsocietyandpartriarchalpolitics.•womenasthesecondsexaretheproductofthepartriarchalpoliticalenvironment.Contentsoftheselectedchapters女性的爱情观的形成的影响因素女性的爱情观对女性的消极影响男女不同的爱情观Differentunderstandingoflovebetweenmanandwomanmansovereignsubjectpossessionnotthepartofhislifewomansubordinatedevotionherwholelifefaithsomestatementontheconceptionofthelove•Man'sloveisofman'slifeathingapart;'Tiswoman'swholeexistence.(Byron)•woman:itisnotonlydevotion,itisatotalgiftofbodyandsoul,withoutreserevation,withoutregardforanythingwhatever.•Thisunconditionalnatureofheriswhatmakesitafaith,theonlyonesheis.(Nietzsche)•Awomanisnonexistentwithoutamaster.withoutamaster,sheisascatteredbouquet.(CecileSauvage)•man:ifhelovesawoman,whathewantsisthatlovefromher;he'sinconsequencefarfrompostulatingthesamesentimentforhimselfasforwoman.•Theyneverabdicate退让completely.•takeposssessionofher占有•sovereignsubjects主权的主体•passionatelover≠greatlover•integrateherintotheirexistenceandnottosquanderitentirelyonher.Thefactorsthatinfluencewomen'sandmen'sconceptoflove•1.differentsituation•man:subject,absolute,dominant,•ambitious,act,transcendence,supremevalueandreality•woman:nothingness,inessenceobject,subordinate,immanence,dependence,enslavementThefactorsthatinfluencewomen'sandmen'sunderstandingoflove•2.Socialenvironmentwomen:•womenaresupposedtobelongandbesubordinatetomen.•acceptthetraditionalfemininedestiny:husband,family,children•nottotakerisk,nottotranscendherselfmen:•thesuperiorsubject,totranscendeverything•obligedtobestrongandindependenteverythinginciteshertofollowtheeasyslopes;insteadofbeinginvitedtofightherownwayup,sheistoldthatshehasonlytoletherselfslide,andshewillattainparadisesofenchantment.tobeobligedtotakethemostarduousroads,butthesurest.notcontenthimselfwiththeeasysolutionofabdication.Whywomenthinkandactinsuchwayinaloverelationship?•1loveistheironlywayout.(salvageadissapointedlife,saveherself,provethelegalityofherexistence)•2lovemakesherfindherownvalue,allowtoidolizeherself,transcendherself,attainsupremeexistencebysubordinatetosuperiorman.•3reproduceasituationlikeherchildhood(underprotection,peace,andsecurity.)Thenegativeeffectonwomen•1theunequalstatusintheloverelationshipman:dominant,god,masterwoman:subordinate,enslave,littlechild•2womenlosetheiridentity,existence.3thecontradictionbetweenself-worshipandphysicallove.carnalobjectsenseofabasementprofoundself-abandonment,heregoisabolished.(p117)extremeways:frigidity,dissociateanimalpleasureandloftysentiment.——《安娜·卡列尼娜》——所有的幸福家庭都是相似的，每个不幸的家庭都有她自己的不幸ContentsoftheselectedchaptersCasesstudy安娜·卡列尼娜惊艳相遇我需要爱情，需要生活一切都完了，我除了你以外什么都没有了，请记住这个吧!卧轨自杀爱情在女人面前显得最美，因为她把全部的精神生活与现实生活都集中在爱情里和推广为爱情，她只有在爱情里才找的到生命的支持力：如果她在爱情方面遭遇不幸，她就会像一道火焰被第一阵风吹熄掉。——黑格尔Gonewiththewind——Tomorrowisanotherday！——ScarlettO'hara1.refusetoactalady,toeatlikeagracefullady2.refusetobeinmourningwhenherfirsthusbanddied1.战后，成为一家之主，领着家人劳作、获取生活物资2.经营自己的事业与男人一同竞争1.主动追求爱情，主动选择婚姻2.追求对自己身体与生育的基本决定权反叛传统的道德观反叛传统价值观反叛传统的爱情观ScarlettO'hara子宫是属于谁的？母亲？父亲？孩子？还是个人？国家？抑或天主？（张小虹《后现代女人权利、欲望与性别表演》）feminism:thenewfeminismandthetraditionalfeminism女性主义新女性主义传统女性主义现代女性主义第三世界和黑人女性主义全球女性主义生态女性主义自由主义女性主义社会主义女性主义激进主义女性主义李银河《女性主义》，山东人民出版社2005年版，38页feminism:thenewfeminismandthetraditionalfeminism传统女性主义sheagainhasaname,aface:sheisonevanguished(被征服者）,prey（猎物）,object（客体）.（117，Beauvoir)强调女性要成为和男性一样“完整”的人，在社会、家庭上与男人处于敌对的竞争关系。传统女性主义要求的是“同等”，而不是“平等”。新女性主义不感兴趣于取消性别间的差异，承认男女间的不同。强调的是脱离男人，而不是与男人敌对竞争。Thankyou!