介词加关系代词定语从句

关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句1、定语从句及其相关概念2、关系代词引导的定语从句3、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句4、关系副词引导的定语从句5、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句6、由as引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句一、定语从句及相关概念1、在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句（TheAttributiveClause).3、关系词(Relatives)：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。2、先行词（Antecedent)：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系代词引导的定语从句Theattributiveclauseornot?Criteria1、从句是否紧跟在一名词或代词之后。2、关系词是否代先行词，在从句中担任一定的成分。Thegirl(whoisstandingthere)isMary.RelativepronounantecedentThegirlisMary./Sheisstandingthere.Howtocombinetwosentencesintoanattributiveclause?1、找准主句，并确定先行词。2、找准关系词，来代替先行词Practice:TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.Theboy(whositsinfrontofme)isTom.Theteacherwillgiveusaspeech.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whomwemetyesterday)willgiveusaspeech.Practice:Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.Doyoufindthepen(whichIwrotewithjustnow)?Doyoufindthepen(withwhichIwrotejustnow)?关系代词引导的定语从句关系词（Relatives)：关系代词+关系副词RelativePronouns:RelativeAdverbs:Which,that,who,whom,whose,asWhen,where,why关系代词引导的定语从句关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定（偶）who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语关系代词引导的定语从句二、由关系代词引导的定语从句1.先行词和关系代词在从句中担任的语法成分先行词主语宾语/表语定语人who,thatwhom(who),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich2、Introductiontoattributiveclauses(Page8)关系代词引导的定语从句Exercises:指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成分：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语关系代词引导的定语从句6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.()Exercises:介宾宾语状语关系代词引导的定语从句Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereisMary.Sheisthegirlwho/whom/thatImetthatday.Thedoctortowhomshesentherfriendisveryfamous.（1）指人的关系代词：who/that(主语)who/whom/that（宾语,可省略）结论：1、关系代词前有介词，只能用whom指代人,作介词的宾语。2、指人时,更多用who/whom，that较少用。3、做宾语的关系代词可省略。4、作宾语时，用whom较who正式关系代词引导的定语从句为以下情况时，只用who,不用thata.当先行詞是those/she/he/they等代詞时,关系代詞用who.Thosewhowerelateforclassraiseyourhands.Hewhodoesn’tgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman.关系代词引导的定语从句b.在therebe开头的句中用who指人Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.为以下情况时，只用that,不用who在以who开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?关系代词引导的定语从句（2）指物的关系代词：which/that(主语/宾语)DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which/that）heisusingismadeinJapan.Tips:1、介词后，关系代词只用which.2、做宾语可以省略。3、指物时，较多用which，较少that.关系代词引导的定语从句为以下情况时，只用that,不用whicha.先行词为不定代词all,few,little,much,everything，anything，nothing,none,etc。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.e.g.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.b.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰时。关系代词引导的定语从句d.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。c.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.e.g.Heistheveryperson(that)Iwanttoseeatthepresent.关系代词引导的定语从句e.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.e.g.Lastsummerholiday,Iwentbacktomyhometown,onlytofindtheneighboursandhousesthatIusedtobefamiliarwithweregone.关系代词引导的定语从句f.在以which开头的的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，用that.g.主句以therebe开头，先行词指物.Whichofthebooksthatwereborrowedfromthelibraryisyours?Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.关系代词引导的定语从句（3）whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物。Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.关系代词引导的定语从句Ⅱ.情况：（4）关系代词的省略Ⅰ.条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾e.g.：Hereisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.关系代词引导的定语从句c.当先行词是way时，引导词为inwhich/that,此时，关系代词省略。e.g.：Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youtalktome.e.g.:Theheadmasterpraisedtheway(that/inwhich)hewalked.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句Thewomantowhommybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.Doyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?介词后的关系代词只能是whom，指人；或者是which,指物。不能是that.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句方法一：一、根据定语从句中谓语动词的需要来确定介词。如：1．Shepaidthemanfromwhomshehadborrowedsomemoney(=Shepaidtheman．Shehadborrowedsomemoneyfromhim．)（borrowsth．fromsb．意思是“向某人借东西”。）2．Inthedarkstreet,thereWasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(NMET1992)（turntosb．forhelp意思是“求某人帮助”）在这一句式结构中，句中的介词是与从句的谓语动词有一定的搭配关系。介词可用于关系代词之前，但先行词若指人，关系代词必须用whom，不能用who或that；若指物必须用which，不能用that。介词也可以置于从句谓语动词之后。这时，句中关系代词用who，whom，that均可，指物可用which或that，并均可省略。例如：Themiddle-agedwomantowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher．(=Themiddleagedwoman[who/whom/that]IspoketojustnowismyEnglishteacher．)关系代词引导的定语从句二、根据定语从句的先行词的需要来确定介词。1．Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhejoinedtheparty.（ontheday在那天）2．LastSundaymyauntboughtmeatelescopethroughwhichIcouldstudythesky．（throughatelescope透过望远镜）三、根据定语从句中的形容词的需要来确定介词。如：Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistoryofwhichwearegreatlyproud．（be/feelproudof以……为自豪）关系代词引导的定语从句四、若表示“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”，则用介词of。如：1．Iliveinthisroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth．(=Iliveinthisroom,whosewindowfacessouth．)（表示“所有关系”）2．Thereareover3,000workersinthatfactory,eighty-fivepercentofwhomarewomen．=Thereare…,and85％ofthemarewomen．（表示“整体中的一部分”）3．Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan．(=ChinahashundredsofislandsandthelargestofthemisTaiwan．)五、根据定语从句句意的需要来确定介词。