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ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyLessonThreeDieselEngineConstructionChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy3.1Newwordsandexpressions1．bedplaten.机座2．framen.机架A-shapedframeA字形机架entablature机架，支架3．boltn.螺栓boltsandnuts螺栓和螺母v.Thebedplateisboltedtotheseating.机座（被）用螺栓固定在底座上。4．seatingn.底座Theseatingformsapartofthedoublebottomoftheship.底座形成船舶双层底的一部分。5．linern.内衬，衬套cylinderliner缸套，缸衬ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy6．side-chockboltn.侧楔垫螺栓end-chockbolt端楔垫螺栓7．bearingn.轴承bearingcap轴承帽，轴承盖mainbearing主轴承8．crossheadn.十字头crossgirder十字横梁crossheadbearing十字头轴承9．studn.双头螺栓10．thrustblockn.推力块thrustbearing推力轴承thruster推力器ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy11．camshaftn.凸轮轴12．casingn.箱子，外壳thechaindrivecasing链驱动箱thecastironcasing铸铁箱thepumpcasing泵壳13．jacket外套cylinderjacket气缸套14．flangen.法兰，凸缘，飞边verticalflanges垂直法兰15．grooven.沟，槽pistonringandgroove活塞环和环槽slotn.槽16．indicatorcock示功旋塞，也叫示功考克ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy17.dowelpinn.定位销18.narrowa.窄的broada.宽的widea.宽广的19.distributorn.分配器anoildistributorring布油环20.rounda.圆的v.弄圆beroundedontheexternaltop外部顶端成圆角21.annulara.环形的toformanannularspace形成一个环形空间22.assemblyn.组件assemblev.组装reassemblev.重新组装disassemblev.拆开，分解ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy23.componentn.成分，组成，部件=part24.horizontallyadv.水平地verticallyadv.垂直地25.ductn.粗而短的管子，比较pipe管道,tube试管andhose软管26.shimn.垫片shimsofdifferentthicknesses不同厚度的垫片27.clearancen.间隙toadjusttheclearance调整间隙ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy28.channeln.通道=passage，频道，狭长的水道theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡29.carrierringn.承磨环30.built-ina.内装的，机内的，固定的31.tap-boltn.锥体螺栓32.whitemetal白合金33.telescopicpipe伸缩管，拉管34.fittedboltn.紧配螺栓ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy35．extendv.Thecaptainextendedour4thengineer’sholidaybytwodays.船长把三管轮的假期延长了两天。Thecylinderlinersareextendedsomewhatdownintheframe.缸套稍稍向下延伸进入机架。36.securev.Thebedplateandframesaresecuredtogetherbylongtierods.机座和机架由长贯穿螺栓紧固在一起。37.mountv.Theframesaremountedonandboltedtothebedplate.机架被安装并用螺栓固定在机座上。38.exposev.Somemachinepartsareexposedtohightemperature.一些机器部件暴露于高温中。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy39.screwn.ascrewdriverv.bescrewedintotheplate被旋入机座中40.castironn.caststeel铸钢41.machine-turneda.amachine-turnedslot机加工的槽42.heat-resistanta.aspecialheat-resistantsteel特殊耐热钢ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy43.pistonskirt活塞裙pistoncrownorpistonhead活塞头pistonrod活塞杆44.machine-turnedrecesses机加工的凹槽45.narrowringshavingdiagonalcuts带有斜切口的窄环46.broadringswithoverlappingendjoints带有重叠搭口的宽环47.duringtherunning-inperiod在磨合期间ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy48.thermalstress热应力49.todirectthecoolingliquidflow引导冷却液流50.tointensifytheconventional‘cocktailshaker’effect加强，加剧常规的“鸡尾振荡”效应51.theoutsidediameterofthepipe管子的外径55.toensurethecorrectassemblyofthecomponents确保各部件的正确组装ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy56.crossheadshoes十字头滑块crossheadguides十字头导板guideshoes导板滑块57.bewhitemetallined表面浇有白合金58.bedistributedevenly均匀分布59.theforcedlubricatingsystem强力润滑系统60.articulatedpipes伸缩管telescopicpipes伸缩管ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy61.theslottedpipes开槽的管子62.sightglass观察镜63.pistonrodstuffingbox活塞杆填料箱64.sealingringsandscraperrings密封环和刮油环65.coilsprings弹簧圈，卡簧ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy66.crankpinbearings曲柄销轴承67.compressionshims压缩片，调整片68.lubricationgrooves滑油槽69.thebearingclearances轴承间隙70.theforce-feedlubricationsystem强力润滑系统ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyBedplate(机座)andFrame(机架)Thebedplate,whichinmostcasesisoftheweldeddesign,isboltedtotheseatingwhichformspartofthedoublebottomoftheship.在大多数情况下机座是焊接结构，用螺栓固定在构成船舶双层底的底座上。3.2TextDieselEngineConstructionChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyCylinderblockA-Frame(Entablature)BedplateTierodSeatingCylindercoverChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyItissecured(固定)inthetransverse(横向的)directionbymeansofboltsknownasside-chockbolts(侧楔螺栓)andinlongitudinal(纵向的)directionbymeansofend-chockbolt(端楔螺栓).它在横向借助于侧楔垫螺栓，在纵向借助于端楔垫螺栓固定。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThecrankshaftrests(放置、坐落)inbearingbuiltintocrossgirders(横梁)ofthebedplate.曲轴安放在机座横梁的轴承上。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyBearingCrossgirderHousingChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThesebearings,knownasmainbearings,eachconsistoftwoshells(轴瓦)whicharesupportedinhousings(轴承座)machinedinthebedplateandsecuredbymeansofstuds(双头螺栓)andbearingcaps(轴承盖).这些轴承称作主轴承。每个轴承由两块轴瓦组成，两块轴瓦由在机座上加工出的瓦座支撑，用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定，ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThethrustblockorthrustbearing(推力轴承),locatedattheaftendoftheengine,maybeintegralwith,orseparatefrom,thebedplate.即推力轴承位于发动机的尾部，可同机座制成一体，也可同机座分开。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademy*Ontheflat(平的)uppersurfaceofthebedplatearearrangedanumberofA-shapedframesorentablatures(机架)whichmaybemanufacturedofcastironorfabricatedsteel(锻钢).Theframesaremountedonandboltedtothebedplatecrossgirders.在机座上平面装有若干铸铁或锻钢制成的A形机架，机架安装在机座的横梁上，并用螺栓固定。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyAtthetopoftheA-framesthereisastrongcastironframecalledthescavengingairbox,A形机架顶部有一个结实的框架结构叫扫气箱。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademywhichisbuiltofanumberofsectionsprovidedwithverticalflanges(法兰)enablingthemtobeboltedtogethertoformablockfor1-3cylindersinfrontofthechaintransmission,andablockwith4-6cylindersaftofthechaintransmission.该扫气箱分若干段，每段均带有垂直法兰，通过螺栓可将它们在链传动装置前1～3缸的部分连成一体，链传动装置后4缸～6缸的部分连成一体。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyThechaintransmission,formingtheconnectionbetweenthecrankshaftandthecamshaft,isenclosedinacastironcasingknownasthechain