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ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingLESSON9TEXTSTARTINGSYSTEM第9课起动系统ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExueming6.1Newwordsandexpressionsattempt企图,试图automatic自动机械；自动的burst突然破裂；爆发，冲破careful谨慎的，小心的compressor压缩机deposit沉淀；沉积物direct指导，指挥；直接的；直接地disc盘drainage排放，排泄，排出物drop下跌，下落，下降ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingEffect实现，达到；作用，影响，效果engage啮合，从事explosion爆炸facility设备feature功(能)，部件fusible易熔的，可熔的guard防护装置；防护，防phumidity湿气，湿度immediate立即的ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExueminginterlock连锁isolate隔绝，绝缘lever杆，杠杆，控制杆；抬起maneuvering操纵的，机动的Melt熔化，融化Moisture湿气，水汽，湿度，水分occurrence发生，事物pilot引水员；引导的，控制的，先导的pipeline管路，管系plug堵，塞；塞子，捅头，插销ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingpossibility可能性，可能发生的事物prevent防止，预防properly适当地ready准备好的，有准备的redundant冗余的，备用的reservoir容器(空气瓶)，蓄压器slight轻微的，微小的，弱的stringent严厉的，严格的suck吸，吸取trap挡板，收集器burstingcap防爆帽bymeansof利用，用……方法ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingDieselenginesarestartedbysupplyingcompressedairintothecylindersintheappropriatesequencefortherequireddirection.柴油机是按所需方向，以适当顺序向各缸通入压缩空气起动的。6.2TEXTChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingAsupplyofcompressedairisstoredinairreservoirsorbottlesorreceiversatpressuresabout30or40barreadyforimmediateuse.所供压缩空气以30～40bar的压力存于气罐或气瓶内，随时可用。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingSometimescompressedairpressureisdroppedtoalowervaluebymeansofareducingvalve(减压阀)forotheruses.Thereceiversarechargedbycompressors.有时压缩空气通过减压阀降压以备他用。空气瓶靠空压机充气。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingThedesignofstartingairsystems,includingthenumberandcapacityofcompressorsandreceivers,theprovision（规定）offeaturesanddrainagefacilitiesarethesubjectofstringent(严格)requirementsbyClassificationSocieties(船级社).船级社对空气系统的设计包括空气瓶和空压机的数量及容量、辅助及放残设备的设置有严格要求。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingUpto12startsarepossiblewiththestoredquantityofcompressedair.Thestartingairsystemusuallyhasinterlockstopreventstartingifanythingisnotinorder.所储存的压缩空气量可进行多达12次的起动。起动空气系统通常装有连锁装置，若其他设备没准备好，则不允许柴油机起动。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingThecompressedairissuppliedbyalargeborepipetoaremoteoperatingnon-return(止回)orautomaticvalveandthentothecylinderairstartvalves(气缸起动阀).压缩空气通过大口径管道进入遥控操作的止回阀或自动阀，进而到达气缸起动阀。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingTheopeningofeachcylinderairstartvalveswilladmitcompressedairintothecorrespondingcylinder.气缸起动阀开启，空气进入相应的气缸。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingTheautomaticvalveandthecylinderstartvalvesarecontrolledbyapilotairsystem.气缸起动阀及自动遥控阀由先导空气系统控制。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingEachcylinderstartvalvewillbeopenedimmediatelyafterthetopdeadcentre(TDC)positionhasbeenpassedandclosedjustbeforetheexhaustportsareduetoopenaccordingtothedirectionofrotationrequired.按所需运转方向，每个气缸起动阀在(活塞)经过上止点后立即开启，在排气口适当开启前关闭。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingThus,whencompressedairfromthemainsupplyissuppliedtothestartingsystemofanengineatrestitentersthosecylindersinwhichthepistonsareinapositioncorrespondingtosomepartofthepowerstroke,theresulting－pressureonthepistonscausestheenginetorotate.这样，在压缩空气经主管路进入柴油机的起动系统时，至少进入活塞处于对应做功冲程某一位置的某些缸中，结果，施加于活塞上的压力迫使柴油机转动。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingWhenasufficientlyhighspeed,sayabout20r/min,hasbeenachievedtheairsupplyiscutoffandfuelisinjectedcausingthecylinderstofireandcontinuetoruninthenormalway.当达到足够高转速，如30r／min时，起动空气切断，燃油喷入，使气缸发火并正常连续运转。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingCylinderairstartvalveAirdistributorMastervalve(automaticvalve)AirbottleAirstartleverapilotaircontrolvalveChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingThepilotairisdrawnfromthelargepipeandpassestoapilotaircontrolvalvewhichisoperatedbytheengineairstartlever.控制空气来自主空气管并通入由柴油机起动操纵杆控制的起动控制阀。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingWhentheairstartleverisoperated,supplyofpilotairenablesthepilotaircontrolvalvetoopeneithermanuallyorwithapneumaticcylinderwhenabridgecontrolsystemisfitted.当操作起动手柄时，控制空气使控制导阀手动开启或(当驾驶台安装控制系统时)靠气动液压缸开启。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingPilotairfortheappropriatedirectionofoperationisalsosuppliedtoanairdistributor(空气分配器).控制空气也通入空气分配器。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingThisdeviceisusuallydrivenbytheenginecamshaftandsuppliespilotairtothecontrolcylindersofthecylinderairstartvalves.空气分配器通常由柴油机凸轮轴驱动，它将控制空气通入气缸起动阀。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingThepilotairisthensuppliedinappropriatesequenceforthedirectionofoperationrequired.此控制空气按所需运转方向以恰当的顺序通入。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingThecylinderairstartvalvesareheldclosedbyspringswhennotinuseandopenedbythepilotairenablingthecompressedairdirectfromthereceiverstoentertheenginecylinder.当不用气缸起动阀时靠弹簧保持关闭。当它由控制空气打开时，压缩空气便直接从空气瓶进入气缸。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingAssoonastheenginefirestheairstartingleverisbroughtback.Thepilotaircontrolvalvereturnstotheoffposition,ventingthepilotairlinesandtheremoteairstartingvalveandallowingittoclose.柴油机着火后，起动手柄拉回。控制空气控制阀回复到关闭位置，控制空气管路和遥控空气起动阀放气并使其关闭。ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExuemingAnumberofinterlocksareprovidedinconnectionwiththeairstartingsystemtosafeguardtheengineandpersonnel.Theseare:起动空气系统连有许多连锁装置，以保护机器及人身安全。它们是：ChinaMaritimePoliceAcademyHExueming1.Theturninggear(盘车机)interlockvalvewhichisarrangedtoshutoffthestartingairpilotlinewhentheturninggearisengaged(啮合),thuspreventingthe