计算机常用术语

第一部分、计算机算法常用术语中英对照DataStructures基本数据结构Dictionaries字典PriorityQueues堆GraphDataStructures图SetDataStructures集合Kd-Trees线段树NumericalProblems数值问题SolvingLinearEquations线性方程组BandwidthReduction带宽压缩MatrixMultiplication矩阵乘法DeterminantsandPermanents行列式ConstrainedandUnconstrainedOptimization最值问题LinearProgramming线性规划RandomNumberGeneration随机数生成FactoringandPrimalityTesting因子分解/质数判定ArbitraryPrecisionArithmetic高精度计算KnapsackProblem背包问题DiscreteFourierTransform离散Fourier变换CombinatorialProblems组合问题Sorting排序Searching查找MedianandSelection中位数GeneratingPermutations排列生成GeneratingSubsets子集生成GeneratingPartitions划分生成GeneratingGraphs图的生成CalendricalCalculations日期JobScheduling工程安排Satisfiability可满足性GraphProblems--polynomial图论-多项式算法ConnectedComponents连通分支TopologicalSorting拓扑排序MinimumSpanningTree最小生成树ShortestPath最短路径TransitiveClosureandReduction传递闭包Matching匹配EulerianCycle/ChinesePostmanEuler回路/中国邮路EdgeandVertexConnectivity割边/割点NetworkFlow网络流DrawingGraphsNicely图的描绘DrawingTrees树的描绘PlanarityDetectionandEmbedding平面性检测和嵌入GraphProblems--hard图论-NP问题Clique最大团IndependentSet独立集VertexCover点覆盖TravelingSalesmanProblem旅行商问题HamiltonianCycleHamilton回路GraphPartition图的划分VertexColoring点染色EdgeColoring边染色GraphIsomorphism同构SteinerTreeSteiner树FeedbackEdge/VertexSet最大无环子图ComputationalGeometry计算几何ConvexHull凸包Triangulation三角剖分VoronoiDiagramsVoronoi图NearestNeighborSearch最近点对查询RangeSearch范围查询PointLocation位置查询IntersectionDetection碰撞测试BinPacking装箱问题Medial-AxisTransformation中轴变换PolygonPartitioning多边形分割SimplifyingPolygons多边形化简ShapeSimilarity相似多边形MotionPlanning运动规划MaintainingLineArrangements平面分割MinkowskiSumMinkowski和SetandStringProblems集合与串的问题SetCover集合覆盖SetPacking集合配置StringMatching模式匹配ApproximateStringMatching模糊匹配TextCompression压缩Cryptography密码FiniteStateMachineMinimization有穷自动机简化LongestCommonSubstring最长公共子串ShortestCommonSuperstring最短公共父串DP——DynamicProgramming——动态规划recursion——递归第二部分、编程词汇A2AintegrationA2A整合abstract抽象的abstractbaseclass(ABC)抽象基类abstractclass抽象类abstraction抽象、抽象物、抽象性access存取、访问accesslevel访问级别accessfunction访问函数account账户action动作activate激活active活动的actualparameter实参adapter适配器add-in插件address地址addressspace地址空间address-ofoperator取地址操作符ADL(argument-dependentlookup)ADO(ActiveXDataObject)ActiveX数据对象advancedaggregation聚合、聚集algorithm算法alias别名align排列、对齐allocate分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器anglebracket尖括号annotation注解、评注API(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)应用(程序)编程接口appdomain(applicationdomain)应用域application应用、应用程序applicationframework应用程序框架appearance外观append附加architecture架构、体系结构archivefile归档文件、存档文件argument引数(传给函式的值)。参见parameterarray数组arrowoperator箭头操作符ASP(ActiveServerPage)活动服务器页面ASP.NETworkerprocessASP.NET工作者进程assembly装配件、配件assemblylanguage汇编语言assemblymanifest装配件清单assert(ion)断言assign赋值assignment赋值、分配assignmentoperator赋值操作符associated相关的、相关联的associativecontainer关联式容器(对应sequentialcontainer)asynchronous异步的atomic原子的atomicoperation原子操作attribute特性、属性authenticationservice验证服务authorization授权audio音频A.I.人工智能B2BintegrationB2B整合、B2B集成(business-to-businessintegration)background背景、后台(进程)backwardcompatible向后兼容、向下兼容backup备份backupdevice备份设备backupfile备份文件bandwidth带宽baseclass基类basetype基类型batch批处理BCL(baseclasslibrary)基类库binary二进制binarysearch二分查找binarytree二叉树binaryfunction双参函数binarylargeobject二进制大对象binaryoperator二元操作符binding绑定bit位bitmap位图bitwise按位...bitwisecopy为单元进行复制；位元逐一复制,按位拷bitwiseoperation按位运算block块、区块、语句块bookkeeping簿记boolean布林值(真假值，true或false)border边框boundschecking边界检查boxing装箱、装箱转换brace(curlybrace)大括号、花括号bracket(squarebrakcet)中括号、方括号breakpoint断点browserapplications浏览器应用(程序)browser-accessibleapplication可经由浏览器访问的应用程序build编连(专指编译和连接built-in内建、内置bus总线business业务、商务(看场合)businessLogic业务逻辑businessrules业务规则buttons按钮bug臭虫by/through通过byte位元组(由8bits组成)cache高速缓存calendar日历call调用callback回调call-levelinterface(CLI)调用级接口(CLI)calloperator调用操作符candidatekey候选键(fordatabase)cascadingdelete级联删除(fordatabase)cascadingupdate级联更新(fordatabase)casting转型、造型转换catalog目录chain链(functioncalls)character字符characterformat字符格式characterset字符集CHECKconstraintsCHECK约束(fordatabase)checkpoint检查点(fordatabase)checkbox复选框checkbutton复选按钮childclass子类CIL(commonintermediatelanguage)通用中间语言、通用中介语言class类classdeclaration类声明classdefinition类定义classderivationlist类继承列表classfactory类厂classhierarchy类层次结构classlibrary类库classloader类装载器classtemplate类模板classtemplatepartialspecializations类模板部分特化classtemplatespecializations类模板特化classification分类clause子句clientapplication客户端应用程序clientcursor客户端游标(fordatabase)codepage代码页cleanup清理、清除CLI(CommonLanguageInfrastructure)通用语言基础设施client客户、客户端clientarea客户区client-server客户机/服务器、客户端/服务器clipboard剪贴板clone克隆CLS(commonlanguagespecification)通用语言规范codeaccesssecurity代码访问安全COFF(CommonObjectFileFormat)通用对象文件格式collection集合COM(ComponentObjectModel)组件对象模型combobox组合框commandline命令行comment注释commit提交(fordatabase)communication通讯compatible兼容compiletime编译期、编译时compiler编译器component组件compositeindex复合索引、组合索引(fordatabase)compositekey复合键、组合键(fordatabase)composition复合、组合concept概念concrete具体的concreteclass具体类concurrency并发、并发机制constraint约束(fordatabase)configuration配置、组态connection连接(fordatabase)connectionpooling连接池console控制台constant常量construct构件、成分、概念、构造（forlanguage）constr