浅谈小学英语阅读教学一、阅读理解•(一)什么是阅读理解?•(二)阅读的目的•(三)阅读任务分类(一)什么是阅读理解?•阅读理解是一个心理过程。一个信息以文字符号为载体(图像也可),通过阅读过程传递,在这个过程中,头脑经过接收分析和猜想,把信息恢复过来,这就是阅读理解过程。(二)阅读的目的•一是获取信息(Readingforinformation)如阅读有关的新闻、资料、说明书等;•二是娱乐消遣(Readingforpleasureorreadingforfun)如读小说散文、故事、童话等;•三是学习语言(Readingforlanguge)母语学习,外语学习(三)阅读任务分类•一类活动的任务是扩大输入、阅读欣赏;•另一类活动的任务是针对性地训练阅读技巧。这些技巧包括预测所读内容、抓主题大意、抓特定细节、根据上下文猜词义、推断隐含意义等。二、影响阅读几个因素•1、智力水平•2、生理、心理条件•3、兴趣和性格•4、文化背景•5、语言基础三、小学英语阅读教学的现状•(一)学生的学习现状•(二)教师的教学现状(一)学生阅读的现状•1、阅读兴趣不高;看不懂阅读材料;恐惧和不安•2、没有合理有效的阅读方法;效率低下•1)阅读的速度和效率•2)缺少根据上下文线索猜测词义的能力•3)缺乏一定的英语文化知识了解。•3、课堂阅读时间有限;课外使用英语的面比较狭小(二)教师的教学现状•教学方法单一枯燥;•过多地讲解生词,过分地重视词汇和语法的教学,而忽视了阅读技巧和方法的训练。四、新课标对小学英语阅读的要求•1、能认读所学词语•2、能根据拼读规律,读出简单的单词•3、能读懂教材中简短的要求和指令•4、能看懂贺卡等所表达的简单信息•5、能借助图片读懂简单的故事或小短文,并养成按意群阅读的习惯•6、能正确朗读所学故事或短文五、英语阅读教学的意义•1.读是四种技能之一,学生综合语言运用能力的形成离不开阅读能力的培养。•2.阅读是扩大语言输入量的有效途径。从听说读写四项行为来看,单位时间内接受信息量最多的行为是阅读。•3.巩固学过的知识,如:词汇、语法、交际用语等。•4.有趣的阅读材料还能给人带来乐趣。•5.通过阅读可以培养学生相应的学习策略。六、小学英语阅读教学的策略•(一)课始——整合教材••1、创编教材•2、结合图片•3、贴近生活(二)课中——感知内容,练做结合1、听力入手、知其大意2、扫读生词、消除障碍3、练做结合、由易到难1、听力入手、知其大意•(1)浏览后相继提问,目标名确•(2)注意提问的时间差•(3)提问须面向全体•(4)问题不能过于简单2、扫读生词、消除障碍•(1)结合TPR,动中学词•(2)结合图片,形象识词•(3)联系上下文猜测词义3、练做结合、由易到难•根据不同的教材设计不同的练习类型;•练习难度要层层递进,由易到难•Thetrafficlightsarethesameineverycountry.Therearealwaysthreelights:red,yellowandgreen.Redmeans“Stop”.Yellowmeans“Wait”,andgreenmeans“Go”.InChina,driversdriveontherightsideoftheroad.IntheUS,driversdriveontherightside,too.InEnglandandAustralia,however,driversdriveontheleftsideoftheroad.Ifyougobycar,bybikeoronfoot,youmustknowthetrafficrules.第一关:我会判(TickorCross)•Therearealwaysthreelightsineverycountry:red,yellowandgreen.()•Yellowlightmeans“Go”.()•InChina,driversdriveontherightsideoftheroad.()•IntheUS,driversdriveontheleftside.()•Wedon’tneedtoknowthetrafficrules.()第二关:我会选(choosetherightanswer)•Redmeans()•A:GoB:StopC:Wait•Howmanytrafficlightsarethereinacountry?()A:OneB:TwoC:Three•InEngland,driversdriveonthe()sideoftheroad.A:rightB:left第三关:我会填(Fillintheblanks)•What’sthetextabout?•____________________•Ifyougoonfoot,whatmustyoudo?•_____________________________•What’sthedifferencewhenpeopledriveinChinaandEngland?•_________________________________(三)课尾——拓展运用、提升阅读1、复述2、表演课文3、缩写、改写七、小学英语五步阅读教学法•一读知大意【课例1】视听整体呈现•I'mTim.WhenIgrowupI’mgoingtobeapilot.Apilotfliesplanes.Iloveflying,andIwanttoflyinthesky.•I’mLucy.I’mgoingtobeavetwhenIgrowup.Avetisadoctorforanimals.Iloveanimals,andIwanttolookafterthem.•I’mBob.Mydadisadentist.Helooksafterpeople’steeth.ButI’mnotgoingtobeadentistwhenIgrowup.I’mgoingtobeacook.Ilovefood.Iwanttomakedeliciousfood.•I’mCandy.I’mgoingtobeateacherwhenIgrowup.Ireallylikemyteacher,MissMiller.Iwanttobeateacher,too.IwanttoteachchildrenEnglish.•T:Whataretheytalking?•[课例2]Thelionandthemouse•Thereisalion.Heisverystrong.Helikeseatingthesmallanimals.Milly,thelittlemousecomes.Look,sheisbitingthenet.“Haha,Iamcoming.”Lionishungry!Millyisafraid,“Help!Help!”Thelionlethimgo.Millyisamouse.Sheissmall.Shelikesplaying.Oh!Lionisinthenet!Heisverysad,“Help!Help!Whocanhelpme?”Now,Lionandsmallanimalsaregoodfriends.Theyplaytogether.Theyareveryhappy.•T:Whatanimalsarethereinthestory?•二、读扫生词•课例1中,进入扫生词环节后,教师说:Readthetextquicklyandunderlinethenewwords.然后教师叫学生把找出来的生词写在黑板上。学生从短文中找出growup,vet,pilot,fly,dentist,teeth,delicious等等,这些生词中有一部分是一些基础较好的学生认识,教师提问:Whoknowsthesewords?几个学生纷纷举手回答自己认识的生词,如growup,fly,teeth,等。剩下几个生词,教师再做一些讲解:Apilotfliesplanes.Avetisadoctorforanimals.Adentistlooksafterpeople’steeth.•课例2中,教师要求学生Readsilently,underlinethenewwords.在学生选出strong,hungry,net,sad,bite,together等生词后,教师提出解决生词的两个办法a.Guesswithpictures.b.Guessthemeaninginthecontext.学生根据插图猜出net是网的意思、bite是咬的意思,strong,hungry,sad,together等生词根据上下文和老师的动作及讲解弄懂了其含义。•三、读练辨析【课例3】TheBaker’s•Mr.andMrs.Bakerhaveanicefamily.Theyhavethreechildren,Amy,PeterandTom.•AmyandPetergotothesameschool.Inthemorning,theyhavedifferentclasses,English,MathsArtandP.E..Intheafternoon,theyreadbooksatthelibrary.Intheevening,theydohomeworkorwatchTV.Afterthat,theyliketoplaywithTom.Whenmumisbusy,theychangethediaperforTom.•Onweekends,theyliketogoout.Sometimestheygotothezootoseeanimals.Sometimestheyplayballgamesinthepark.Theyalwayshaveagoodtime.•教师在指导学生第三遍阅读这段语篇时,提出了四个是非题:•1)Mr.andMrs.Bakerhaveanicefamily.T•2)Theyhavefourchildren.F•3)AmyandPetergotothesameschool.T•4)Onweekends,theydon’tliketogoout.F•课例1中,•教师在这个环节是这样安排的。•Readagainandanswer(YesorNo)•a.Timisgoingtobeapilot.(Yes)•b.Lucylovesanimals.(Yes)•c.Bob’sfatherisadentist.Hewantstobeadentist,too.(No)•d.CandylikesherteacherMissMiller.(Yes)•四、读明细节•a.WhatclassesdoAmyandPeterhaveinthemorning?•b.Wheredotheyliketogoonweekends?SubjectsPlacesEnglishparkChineseMathssupermarketArtMusiczooP.E.•教师还设计了四个选择题,来检测学生对语篇细节掌握的程度。•1)AmyandPeterhave____classesinthemorning.•A.threeB.four•2)Intheafternoon,theyreadbooks______.•A.atthelibraryB.athome•3)Tomisa______.•A.babyB.boy•4)They______inthezoo.•A.seeanimalsB.playballgames•【课例4】DailyLife•Hello,myfriends!I’manOlympicvolunteer.IworkforOlympicGames.•Igetupatfiveo’clock.Ibrushmyteethandwashmyface.Ihavebreakfastathalfpastfive.Forbreakfast,Ilikeeggsandmilk.IgototheBird’sNest(鸟