英语考试知识要点小学阶段除了掌握必要的单词、短语和重要的句型外,我们还要掌握一些英语知识点。一.英语字母英语有26个字母.对于字母我们要求掌握26各字母的排列顺序,同时我们还要掌握好每个字母的大写和小写。字母又分为元音字母和辅音字母.元音字母有五个(AaEeIiOoUu),其余21个为辅音字母.a后面接开头发音是辅音的单词,an后面接开头发音是元音的单词。掌握元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音。还要掌握一些字母组合的发音。注意字母的书写笔画顺序和占格注意字母的书写笔画顺序和占格二、掌握四种变化规则。第一种:可数名词的单数变复数规则第二种:动原变单数的规则变化第三种:动原变为现在分词的规则变化第四种:动原变为过去式的规则变化名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单、复之分,不可数名词没有单、复之分。第一种:名词的单数变复数规则变化(5条)(1)一般情况下在词尾加”s”.如:book—booksapple—applespostcard—postcardsbanana—bananastoy—toysboy—boysgirl—girls(2)以“sxshch”结尾的加”es”.如:box—boxeswatch—watchesfish—fishesbus--buses(3)以“辅音字母”加y结尾的,变y为i再加”es”.如:baby---babiesfamily—families(4)以“f或fe”结尾的,变“f或fe”为v再加”es”.如:knife—kniveswife---wiveswolf---wolves(5)以“o”结尾的变化规则:加es的词:potatotomatomango,加s的词:zoo---zoospiano—pianosradio—radiosphoto—photosvideo—videos单复数一样的词。sheep—sheepfish---fish(fishes)Chinese---Chinese2.除此之外我们必须还要记好如下不规则变化词.(特殊词的变化)如:child----childrenfoot---feettooth—teethman---menwoman—womenEnglishman—EnglishmenFrenchman—Frenchmenpoliceman—policemenfireman---firemen小学英语中常用的不可数名词water水milk牛奶tea茶juice果汁coffee咖啡soup汤fish鱼肉food食物bread面包rice米饭meat肉chocolate巧克力homework家庭作业housework家务information消息/信息work工作shopping购物weather气候rain雨snow雪wind风grass草hair头发time时间stone石头music音乐money钱film胶卷news消息glass玻璃paper纸动词有五种形式:1.动词原形(动原)2.一般现在时第三人称单数(三单动词)3.现在分词4.过去式5.过去分词小学阶段我们要掌握前四种动词形式。第二种变化规则:动原变为一般现在时第三人称单数规则变化(3条)(1)一般情况下在词尾加”s”。如:write—writescome—comeswalk---walkslisten---listenssay---saysplay---playslook---looksdrink---drinksmake---makeseat---eatsrun---runsswim---swimstake---takesread---readsdraw---draws(2)以“sxshcho”结尾的加”es”。如:do—doesgo—goeswash—washeswatch—watches(3)以“辅音字母”加y结尾的,变y为i再加”es”.如:try—triesstudy—studiesfly—flies另外我们还要记好2个特殊的词:have单数为hasbe(am/are)单数为is。第三种:动原变为现在分词的规则变化(3条)(1)一般情况下在词尾加”ing”。如:look---lookingplay—playinggo—goingdo---doingwash—washingread--readingwatch—watchinglisten--listeningfly---flying(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的,去”e”加”ing”。如:come—cominghave---havingmake—makinglive—livingtake—takinglose—losingride—riding(3)以重读闭音节结尾(一元一辅结尾且各发各的音),末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写这个辅音字母再加”ing”.如:run---runningswim---swimmingstop—stoppingbegin—beginningdrop----droppingskip—skippingplan---planning第四种变化规则:动原变为过去式的规则变化(4条)(1)一般情况下在词尾加”ed”。如:look—lookedrain—rainedwatch—watchedlearn—learnedlisten—listenedturn—turnedwalk—walkedwash—washedtalk—talkedwalk—walkedwant—wantedfish—fishedcook—cookedcall—calledhelp——helpedpick—pickedwave—wavedmiss—missedplay—playedlaugh—laughed(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的加”d”。如:live---livedlove---lovedlike---likedshine---shineddance—danced(3)以“辅音字母”加y结尾的,变y为i再加”ed”.如:study—studiedcarry---carriedworry---worriedtry----tried(4)以重读闭音节结尾(一元一辅结尾且各发各的音),末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写这个辅音字母再加“ed”.如:stop—stoppeddrop----droppedplan—plannedskip—skippedtravel—travelled除此之外我们还要掌握不规则动词的过去式。关于“ed”的读音:请对清读作/t/,浊对浊读作/d/,t.d之后发/id/,元音之后也发/d/。不规则动词的过去式(要牢记)put—putread---readam/is---wasare----weredo/does---didcan—couldhave/has---hadgo---wentstand——stoodmake---madefly--flewlearn—learned/learnttake---tookleave—-leftsee—saweat---atebring---broughtbuy—boughthear---heardmean---meantmeet-----metsay----saidsell---soldsteal--stoletell------toldunderstand---understoodthink---thoughtwear----worebegin——beganwrite---wrotedrive----droveride—rodedrink------drankfind---foundgive—gavering--rangswim---swamsit----satwin----wonlose-----lostsend—---sentspend---spentthrow---threwknow----knewfall---felldraw-----drewrun---ranwake——wokebecome---becamecome——cameget---gotforget—forgot三种动词的变化规则o三、用动词原形的地方:1.情态动词(canmustcouldmay)+动原。2.wouldshallshould+动原。3.一般将来时态中:am/is/aregoingto(will)+动原。4.否定句中:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/can’t/won’t+动原。5.一般疑问句中:Do/Does/Did/Will/Can+主语+动原。6.一般现在时中:主语为I、We、You或They及复数的名词时,谓动又是行为动词时,用动词原形。7.特殊句型中:wantto+动原(想去做某事)wantsb.to+动原(想某人去做某事)helpsb.+动原+sth.(帮助某人做某事)learnto+动原(学习去做某事)decideto+动原(决定去做某事)startto+动原(开始去做某事)beginto+动原(开始去做某事)planto+动原(计划去做某事)asksb.to+动原+sth.(要求某人去做某事)teachsb.to+动原+sth.(教某人去做某事)It’seasyto+动原(做某事是容易的)livedtobe(享年…岁)四、用-ing动词的地方:1.现在进行时态:am/is/are+ing的动词2.like+ing的动词3.Thankyoufor+ing的动词4.keepon+ing的动词如:Linglingisflyingakitenow.Ilikecollectingstamps.Thankyouforhelpingme.Afterhavingdinner(介词后面接ing的动词)五、关于时间介词in、at、on的区别。1.in+年份、月份、季节、方位名词2.at+几点钟3.on+节日、星期几、具体日期.如:in1987(May/spring/theeast)ateighto’clock(halfpasteight)onChildren’sDay(Sunday/May1st)六、关于方位、地点介词的用法:in表在、、、的里面用。on表在、、、的表面上。under表在、、、的下面。表达在树上情况:如果是树上本身长出的东西用on;否则用in。另外:关于about,ofabookaboutspacetravelthenameofaplane七、动词amisare的用法:要根据主语来定I用am,你用are.sheis,heis,itis,Tomis.复数主语要用are。everyone,everybody,something,somebody这类词做主语,谓语动词用三单动词形式。be用is形式,do用does形式,like用likes形式等。请记好下面这首歌:我用am,你用are.三单主语用is,复数主语要用are.八、许多many,much,alotof,lotsof的区别:many+可数名词的复数,much+不可数名词。alotof与lotsof+可数或不可数名词some/any+可数或不可数名词some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和问句中九、a,an的区别:a后面接开头发音是辅音的单词,an后面接开头发音是元音的单词。abookanappleanegg十、关于play后面接球类名词与接乐器类名词的区别:play+球类名词,中间不加任何词.如:playbasketball.playthe+乐器类名词。如:playthepiano