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Unit4AVIEWOFMOUNTAINSJoanneThreatstohumanexistence1.Naturaldisasters•Earthquake;Avalanche;Volcanoeruption•Flood;Landslideandmudflow;Tsunami;•Blizzard;Cyclonicstorm;Drought;Hailstorm;Heatwave;Tornado;Typhoon;Hurricane;lahar•Forestfire•Famine•CollisionofasteroidsThreatstohumanexistence2.Diseases•Plague•HIV/AIDS,H1N1,SARS,H5N1BirdFlu•Malaria,tuberculosis,measles,etc.Threatstohumanexistence3.Ecology&Environmentdeterioration•Climatechange(Globalwarming;Sealevelrise;Greenhousegas)•WaterlossandSoilerosion;Acidrain;Deforestationandlanddesertification;•Pollution(water,light,noise,air,etc.)•Ozonedepletion;Biodiversityloss;exhaustionofnaturalresourses.ThreatstohumanexistenceThreatstohumanexistence4.Nuclearthreats•Nuclearweapons;nuclearexplosion;nuclearleak;nuclearfallout;nuclearmeltdown;radiation•WhenandwheredidChinaconductitsnucleartest?•Codename596•October16,1964•AttheLopNur罗布泊•WhatisChina’sstandonthedevelopmentanduseofnuclearweapon?•Chinawillneverbethefirsttousenuclearweapons.Nuclearpower•Nuclearreactions•Reactionsreleasevastquantitiesofenergyfromrelativelysmallamountsofmatter.•1000kg(producingexplosion)=1billionkg(conventionalhighexplosive)Nuclearweapon•WMD:Weaponofmassdestruction•Nuclear(includingradiological);Biological;ChemicalweaponsNuclearweapons•IAEA•TheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency•In1957Nuclearweapons•TheNuclearNon-proliferationTreaty•Mar.1970/atreatytolimitthespread(proliferation)ofnuclearweapons.•Currently189states,5states.•Disarmament•Theactofreducing,limiting,orabolishingweapons.NuclearWeaponFirstUsedinJapan•ThefirstnuclearweaponswerecreatedbytheUS.•Reason•JapanesecitiesofHiroshimaNagasakiinAugust1945.AViewofgroundSomemovies•CrimsonTide•TheSumofAllFears•ThePeacemaker•BrokenArrow•TheHuntforOctober•Stealth•DeathTrain•复原广岛核爆炸•邓稼先Generalanalysis•Inthetexttheauthorfocusedonthefollowingthreeaspects:•1.whatwecanseeinYamahata’spicturesofthedestroyedNagasaki;•2.Whatisthesignificanceofthesepics;•3.whatweshoulddoabouttheexistingnuclearperil;Yamahatarecordedthehistory.•Photographer•YosukeYamahata•川端庸介•Hiroshima(广岛)•Nagasaki(长崎)Yamahata&Nagasaki•Paraphrase:•Hiroshima,destroyedthreedaysearlier,hadlargelyescapedthecamera’slensinthefirstdayafterthebombing.•Hiroshima,attackedbyanuclearbombthreedaysago,wasbadlydevastated,andfewphotosweretakenonthefirstdayafterthebombing.Yamahata&Nagasaki•ItwasthereforelefttoYamahatatorecord,methodically---and,asithappens,withagreatandsimpleartistry---theeffectsonahumanpopulationofanuclearweapononlyhoursafterithadbeenused.Theeffectsofnuclearweapons•TheresponsibilitywasthereforeplacedonYamahata’sshoulderstosystematicallyrecordtheeffectsofnuclearweaponsonmankindwithagreatandsimpleskillofphotography.•methodicalwayofdoingthings:carefulandusesanorderedsystem.•Healwayscheckedallthedetailsinamethodicalway.•amethodicalperson:whoalwaysdoesthingscarefullyandinanwell-organizedwayNagasakibefore&afterthebombing1234567891011121314151617AviewofmountainsTheshapeoftheatomicbomb•Plutonium239wasusedintheNagasakiatomicbomb.•3.2minlengthand1.5mindiameterand4.5toninweight.•NicknamedFatman”•TheHiroshima-typebomb(alittleboy).Thedescriptionofpictures•Whywerethebodiesoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes?•Thedifferentcolorsofthepatternsabsorblightindifferentdegrees;•Thelighterthecolor,thelessburnedthepartofthebody;Thedescriptionofpictures•Athirdshowsagirlwhohassomehowsurvivedunwounded…,whichotherwiseseemstohavebeenleftbehindforgoodinthesceneswearewitnessing.Aviewofmountains•Whatisthesignificanceofaviewofmountains?•Wecanseethemountainbecausethecityisgone.Thatabsence,evenmorethanwreckage,containstheheartofthematter.•Thetruemeasureoftheeventliesnotinwhatremainsbutinallthathasdisappeared.Languagework:dot•dot:v.(passive)placethingsandpeoplehereandthere,scatter•天空星星闪烁。•Theskyisdottedwithstars.•广场上稀稀疏疏的站着几个人。•Thesquarewasdottedwithsomepeople.•这家公司在全国有20家连锁店.•Thecompanyhas20chainstoresdottedaroundthecountry.•onthedot:n.exactlyontimeThedevastatingeffects•Afterthenuclearbombing,•Forthewholecity•Forthepeopleatornearthesitewherethebombwasdropped•ForthoseinornearthecityAlmosthaddisappeared,withaviewofmountainsleftDiedinaflash,orseriouslyinjured,mostlyburnedSufferedlife-longlateeffectscausedbyradiationThepicturesintheUS•Whyarethepicturesstillnewsevenifarriving50yearslate?•ItisthefirsttimetheAmericanseverhaveseenthepictureswhichareshocking,terrifyingandthought-provoking.•Whyisthemeaningofthesepicturesofasinglecityuniversal?•WhathappenedtoNagasakicanhappentoanycityintheworldanytime.•unpredictablecomeintoone’sown1.tobecomeverygood,useful,orimportantinaparticularsituation•Thiscarreallycomesintoitsownonroughground.2.receivethecredit,recognition,fame,etconedeserves•有人生病时才真正看出她的为人.•Shereallycomesintoherownwhensomeoneisill.•comeintoview/sight:ifsomethingcomesintoview,youbegintoseeit•Themountainswerejustcomingintoview.•notcomeintoit:(spoken)usedtosaythatsomethingisnotimportant•Moneydoesn'treallycomeintoit.NagasakihasalwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima•WhyhasNagasakialwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima?•BecauseHiroshimawasthecityonwhicht