混凝土结构课程设计—1—一、钢筋混凝土连续梁设计一钢筋混凝土矩形截面两跨连续梁,承受均布恒载标准值为gk=6.8kN/m(含自重),均布活载标准值qk=8.5kN/m,在每跨三分点处截面还承受集中恒载标准值Gk=50kN,集中活载标准值Qk=65kN,活载准永久值系数Ψk=0.5,跨度、截面尺寸如图一所示。混凝土采用C30,受力纵筋HRB335,箍筋HPB235级,按《混凝土结构设计规范(GB50010-2010)》设计该梁。要求:(1)进行正截面及斜截面承载力计算,并确定所需的纵筋、箍筋和弯起钢筋的数量。(2)绘制抵抗弯矩图和弯矩包络图,并给出各根弯起钢筋的弯起位置。(3)验算裂缝是否满足要求。(4)验算挠度是否满足要求。解:1、设计计算数据设计尺寸mmb250;mmh700;ml5.40;混凝土C302/0.20mmNfck;2/00.2mmNftk;2/5.14mmNfc;2/45.1mmNft;55.0b;0.11;8.01;mmc25;24/100.3mmNEc纵筋HRB3352/300mmNffyy;25/100.2mmNEs箍筋HPB235210yvf2/mmN2、荷载及内力计算混凝土结构课程设计—2—跨度:mmbllno450024024045001mmlbllnn5.44861202404500025.1025.0202取两者的较小者mml5.44860①恒载标准值计算mKNMk38.595.448650222.05.44868.6070.021mKNMMKK38.5912mKNMB81.914865.450333.04865.48.6125.0244.79KNVV85.72KNVV85.72KN50333.14.48658.6625.079.4450667.04865.48.6375.0ACBB左右左BAVKNV②活载满布时内力计算57.66KNVV110.48KNVV110.4865333.14.48655.8625.066.5765667.04865.45.8375.050.1184865.465333.04865.45.8125.072.7672.764865.465222.04865.45.8070.0ACBB21221左右左KNVKNVmKNMmKNMMmKNMBABKKK③仅左跨作用活载时内力计算13.26KN65167.04.48655.8063.0V13.26KN65167.04.48655.8063.0V97.33KN65167.14.48655.8563.081.7065833.04865.45.8437.048.594865.465167.04865.45.8063.050.3250.97313150.974865.465278.04865.45.8096.0CB21221右左BABKKKVKNVmKNMmKNMMmKNM④仅右跨作用活载时内力计算mKN50.97Mm32.50KNM2K1K混凝土结构课程设计—3—70.81KNV97.33KNV13.26KN26.1348.59CB右左BABVKNVmKNM3、内力组合求最不礼荷载及控制截面⑴①+②134.47KNVV257.54KNVV257.54KN4.1110.482.185.7247.1344.166.572.179.4407.2764.150.1182.181.9166.17866.1784.172.762.138.59ACBB121左右左BABVKNVmKNMmKNMMmKNM⑵①+③35.18KN4.113.262.144.79V121.43KN4.113.262.185.72V239.13KN4.197.332.185.7288.1524.181.702.179.4444.1934.148.592.181.91MKN76.254.150.322.138.59Mm207.76KN4.197.502.159.38MCBB21右左BAVKNVmKNm⑶①+④KNKNKNVKNVmKNMmKNMmMBAB88.1524.181.702.179.44V13.2394.133.972.172.85V30.844.126.132.172.8518.354.126.132.179.4444.1934.148.592.181.9176.2074.150.972.138.5925.76KN4.132.502.159.38CB21右左混凝土结构课程设计—4—剪力和弯矩包络图如下:剪力图弯矩图由图可知剪力的控制截面在A、B、C支座截面,弯矩的控制截面在1、2、B截面处。4、验算控制截面尺寸按配置两排纵筋验算;取mmas60;mmhhw640607000456.2250640bhw混凝土结构课程设计—5—mKNMmKNbhfKNVNbhfcbbcc07.27606.592106402505.140.1)55.05.01(55.0)5.01(54.2575800006402505.140.125.025.0max62201max0所以截面尺寸满足要求。5、根据正截面承载力计算纵向钢筋跨中最大正弯矩mKNM76.207max,按单筋截面设计,采用一排布置。mmas35;mmh640607000;mmhxbb35264055.00sytycscAmmbhAffmmfbxfAmmmmbhfMhx2minminmaxmaxmin212620106.380700250002175.0002175.0]30045.145.0%,2.0[]45.0%,2.0[7.117030089.962505.140.135289.96)6402505.141076.207211(640)211(满足要求,即在截面受拉区配置4根直径为20mm的二级钢筋中间支座为最大负弯矩处,mKNM07.276max,钢筋按双排布置。mmas60;mmh640607000若按单筋截面设计:55.0208.0186.0211211186.06402505.140.11007.27626201bscsbhfM2min2016.3805.1608300640208.02505.140.1mmAmmfhbfAycs选用6根直径为20mm的二级钢筋,225.16081884mmmmAs6、根据斜截面承载力配置箍筋和弯起钢筋支座边缘处最大剪力设计值为KNV88.152,而在集中荷载作用下支座边缘的剪力为混凝土结构课程设计—6—集V115.823KN,%75711.0978.1625.82311VV集。所以不需要考虑剪跨比。mmh0.634623020257000KNKNbhft88.1528.1600.63425045.17.07.00,不需要按计算配置箍筋,只需要按构造配置箍筋6@3007、裂缝验算该构件允许出现裂缝,按三级抗裂计算。在中间支座边缘处mKNMq06.1515.050.11881.91钢筋应力为260/4.14518840.63487.01006.15187.0mmNAhMsqsq矩形截面受弯件下半截面受拉01.00215.02507005.018845.0bhAAAsteste又因为416.04.1450215.00.265.01.165.01.1sqtetkf换算钢筋直径mmdvndndiiiiieq20200.1620622)08.09.1(maxteeqssqcrdcE)0304.02208.0259.1(100.24.145416.01.25mmmm3.0067.0lim满足抗裂要求。8、挠度验算(1)短期刚度sB混凝土结构课程设计—7—667.6100.3100.245csEEE0119.063425018840bhAs则fEssshAEB5.3162.015.12005.310119.0667.662.0416.015.16341884100.225213/101.13mmN(2)挠度增大系数根据《规范》,取0.2(3)受弯构件的刚度B21313/106.62101.13mmNBBS(4)跨中挠度mmBlMfq3.1106.660001006.151656110413262允许挠度为mmfmmlf3.12425060002500lim故挠度满足要求。二、预应力混凝土简支梁设计一多层房屋的预应力混凝土屋面梁,构件及截面尺寸如图二所示。先张法施工时在工地临时台座上进行,在梁的受拉、受压区采用直径10mm的热处理45Si2Cr直线预应力钢筋。分别在梁的受拉、受压区采用锥形锚具一端同时超张拉钢筋。养护时预应力钢筋与张拉台座温差为250C,混凝土达到设计强度以后放松预应力钢筋,混凝土采用C40,非预应力钢筋采用HPB235钢筋。现已知该梁为一般不允许出现裂缝构件,承受均布恒栽标准值为gk=16KN/m(含自重),均布活载标准值qk=12KN/m,活载准永久值系数Ψk=0.5,按二类a环境设计,按《混凝土结构设计规范(GB50010-2010)》设计该梁。要求:(1)进行正截面承载力计算,估算纵向预应力钢筋,并根据构造要求估算非预应力钢筋。(2)计算总预应力损失。混凝土结构课程设计—8—(3)进行梁的正截面承载力计算,确定梁的纵向预应力钢筋和非预应力钢筋。(4)进行梁的斜截面承载力计算,确定梁的箍筋。(5)验算梁的使用阶段正截面抗裂能力是否满足要求。(6)验算梁的使用阶段斜截面抗裂能力是否满足要求。(7)验算梁的使用阶段挠度是否满足要求。(8)验算梁在施工阶段强度及抗裂能力是否满足要求。解:1.设计计算条件(1)钢筋预应力钢筋采用热处理钢筋HT10,且在受拉、受压区均配置此种预应力钢筋,ptkf=1470N/mm2pyf=1040N/mm2pyf=400N/mm2pE=2.0×105N/mm2pA=78.5mm2取con=ptkf7.0=0.70×1470=1029N/mm2HPB235级钢筋,yf=yf=210N/mm22/210mmNfyvsE=2.1×105N/mm2(2)混凝土(C40)cuf=40N/mm2cf=19.1N/mm21=1.0tf=1.76N/mm2ckf=26.8N/mm2tkf=2.39N/mm2cE=3.25×105N/mm2(3)施工及其他条件构件为“一般不允许出现裂缝构件”,允许挠度为L/250,当cuf=cuf时,张拉预应力筋。2.内力计算计算跨度0l=8.75混凝土结构课程设计—9—跨中最大弯矩:M=81(1.2gk+1.4qk)20l=81×(1.2×16+1.4×12)×8.752=344.5kN·mMk=81(gk+qk)20l=81×(16+12)×8.752=268.0kN·mMq=81(gk+ψ