英语音标讲解与练习

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英语国际音标???Askandanswer:为什么要学习音标?•1.发音准确,说地道的英语•2.拼读法记忆单词•3.提高学生的自主学习性,增加词汇量•4.整体语感提高音素和音标1.什么是音素:音素是语音的最小单位。2.音素的分类:元音和辅音。3.音素的个数:共48个,元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。4.什么是音标:记录音素的符号叫做音标。音标表(48个)元音(20个)单元音/i://ɜ://u://ɔ://ɑ://ɪ//ə//ʊ//ɒ//ʌ//e//æ/双元音/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//əʊ//aʊ//ɪə//eə//ʊə/辅音(28个)清辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s/浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/清辅音/ts//ʃ//tʃ//tr//h/浊辅音/dz//ʒ//dʒ//dr//r/鼻音/m//n//ŋ/半元音/w//j/边音/ǀ/元音vowels1./i://ɪ//i:/:长元音,舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高,嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平。流露出微笑表情,与E发音相同。E.g.weteacherspeaktreemeetpiececeiling,people/ɪ/:短元音,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,嘴型扁平,干净利落。E.g.sitpigminutehappymoneyCompare1.it--eat2.live—leave3.fill—feel4.seat—sit5.tree—trip6.bit—bee7.sheep—ship8.deed—did9.live—leave10.feed—fit11.pea—pit12.rid—read13.street—strict14.sleep—slip2./e//æ//e/:短元音,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,牙床开得比/i:/宽,上下齿间可容纳一个食指。E.g.bednextbetteranymanyheadagain/æ/:短元音:舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,双唇平伸,成扁平形。张开牙床直至上下齿之间容纳食指和中指的宽度。E.g.maphatbadbackmanhandCompare1.bet--bat2.pat—pet3.bag—beg4.sat—set5.neck--lack6.sad—said7.bad—bed8.dad—dead9.lad—led10.fad—fed3./ɔ://ɒ//ɔ:/:长元音,舌尖离开下齿;舌后部抬得比/ɒ/略高。双唇也收得更圆更小,并需用力向前突出。E.g.smalltalkhallwalkshorthorsefortyfloorautumncaughtdaughterwarm/ɒ/:舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。双唇稍稍收圆。E.g.lostfoxlotdollarwantwashwatchbecauseCompare[][]1.pot--port2.lot—lord3.not—north4.fox—forks5.shot—short6.wok—walk7.spot—sport8.cock—caught4./ə:/(/ɜ:/)/ə//ə:/(/ɜ:/)长元音,上下齿微微张开,舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。E.g.shirtskirtburnturtleearnheardtermwormworld/ə/:短元音,舌身平放,舌中部微微抬起。口腔自然放松发音。E.g.rememberfarmerdoctoractordeliciousdangerousdollartogethertodayhappenelephantbananaChinaCompare[][ə]•walk—work•short—shirt•warm—word•door---dirt•sore---sir•cause---curd5./u://ʊ//u:/:长元音,双唇比/ʊ/收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后部比/ʊ/抬得更高。E.g.o:doshoewhou:trueblueoo:foodmoonnoon/ʊ/:短元音,舌尖离开下齿;舌身后缩。双唇收圆,稍向前突出。E.g.oo:goodbookwoodou:shouldcouldu:putpushO:woman6./ɑ://ʌ//ɑ:/:长元音,口张大,舌尖离开下齿,下巴放松,轻松发音。E.g.armarthardfastlastclass/ʌ/:短元音,嘴唇微微张开伸向两边,舌尖轻触下齿,开口程度和/æ/相似。E.g.supperlunchcupmotherbrotherabovetroublebloodCompare[Λ][a:]1.cut--cart2.luck—lark3.duck—dark4.tough—task5.mud—mark6.bus—bath7.far—fun8.shut—shark/ei/:双元音,口形由/e/向/ɪ/滑动。与字母A发音相同。E.g.lakegamesayeightgreat1./ei//əu//ai//əu/:双元音,由/ə/和/u/两个单元音组成。与字母O的发音相同。E.g.gothosehellozerogoatboat/ai/:双元音,先发/a/音,然后滑向/i/音。与字母I发音相同。E.g.highbuyfivetry2./ɔɪ//au//ɔɪ/:双元音,由两个元音/ɔ/和/i/构成。E.g.toydestroynoisepoint/au/:发音时,由/a/滑向/u/,结束时双唇收圆稍向前突。E.g.ou:southcloudproudmouseroundow:downcowhowtownroadcoatgoatboatloadcoldsmokegohomehopehowaboutshoutcowloudmousegroundhourcrownmouthCompare/əu//au//iə/:由/i/和/ə/两个单音组成。前重后轻,双唇始终半开。E.g.eer:beerdeerea:ideaear:eardearnearere:here3./iə//eə//uə//eə/:由/e/向/ə/滑动,舌身稍向后缩,口型由半开变为扁平。E.g.ear:pearbearare:carehareair:chairairfairhairpairere:therewherecheer/uə/:/u/和/ə/两个音组成,嘴唇从收圆到半开。E.g.oor:poorure:sure音标练习1.找出下列没有相同发音的词。()①hefeetbreadgreen()②pigisdogship()③thirtybirdherfood()④shebiginmoney()⑤sweetsfishteacherwe()⑥teachersisteraboutgirl()⑦tigerfirstworkshirt()⑧treebeancleanchin()⑨fatherdoctorskirtchina()⑩happyseasitpicture2.读音标写单词。[bi:][bə:d][si:][swi:t][′bizi][hə:][′dɔktə][′sistə][li:f][hi:]二.找出下列没有相同发音的词。()①moonfoodeatfruit()②truebookwoodlook()③foursmallwalkbird()④gotclockshopshirt()⑤busfootpushbook()⑥lostballlongox()⑦rulerdogmooncakeblue()⑧bigshiphorseit•二.选出下列没有相同发音的词。•()1.cararmfoodgarden•()2.truejumpbuscut•()3.bagshortmapflag•()4.eggpenheadsmall•()5.gotclockbelldog•()6.rabbitbookwoodfoot•()7.ratbatappleten•()8.gunstarduckmoneg•三.写出单词或音标。•[pa:st][ru:m][swet][sit]•[fæt][gɔt][cΛp][shə:t]•bagcarbusbreadstarhead•四.选出下列每题中元音有几种读音•()1.hatfastcooklast•()2.jeepdoorsungum•()3.dadcaphandmap•()4.starcarcutfrom•()5.skirtsheepbirdher•五.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词•like_________________(交通工具)•hat________________(动物)•lake________________(食品)•nice_______________(数字)•hot_________________(用品)•well_______________(用品)二.选出下列没有发相同发音的词•()1.cakeeggrainMay•()2.kitecrybroomfly•()3.boyjoycatnoise•()4.blousesuncowhouse•()5.towerflowermoutharm三.读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母,单词的音标。•[klaud][set][kɔin][krɔ:s]c______ds____c____ncr____s[flæg][trein][desk][smail]f____gtr____nd______s____le二.选出下列没有相同发音的词。()1.mouthcoatgoatwindow()2.dearbeercaketeacher()3.pairboyairhare()4.poortourEuropecry()5.boatbikesidefly三.写出单词或音标。[nəuz][said][iə][kau][peə][puə][bæt][wu:d]辅音consonants1./p//b//p/:双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带不振动。E.g.peadeeptip/b/:/b/和/p/发音相似,双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带需振动。E.g.beebeatbit[p][b]pay---baypear–bearpen---Benpig---big[p][b]cap---cablap---labtap---tabrope---robe2./t//d//t/:舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带不振动。E.g.eatbeatbittip/d/:/d/和/t/发音相似,舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带需振动。E.g.deepdealdo[t][d]town–downtie–dietear–deartouch–Dutch[t][d]bent–bendright–ridelent–lendbet–bed3./k//g//k/:舌后部抵住软腭憋住气,然后突然离开,将气流送出,像咳嗽,但声带不振动。E.g.keykidkind/g/:/g/和/k/发音相似,舌后部抵住软腭憋住气,然后突然离开,将气流送出,像咳嗽,但声带需振动E.g.biggiveeggget[k][g]Kate–gatecard–guardcould–goodcoat–goat[k][g]pick–pigflak–flagback–bagLock–log两清辅音一起时,后一个清辅音变成浊辅音,或叫浊化[sp]→[sb][st]→[sd][sk]→[sg]•speakspitspy•studystarstart•skyschoolscreen4./f//v//f/:上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后轻轻吹气,使气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,但声带不振动。E.g.factfeetfat/v/:/v/和/f/发音相似,上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后轻轻吹气,使气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,但声带需振动。E.g.givehavevery5./θ//ð//θ/:舌尖微微伸出,上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖送气,声带不振动。E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