地震介绍 ppt

11国际经济与贸易本科班60号何成金whatnaturaldisastershaveyouheardofHurricanewhatnaturaldisastershaveyouheardofTornadowhatnaturaldisastershaveyouheardofDroughttyphoonvolcaniceruptionwhatnaturaldisastershaveyouheardofwhatnaturaldisastershaveyouheardofSnowsandstormforestfirewhatnaturaldisastershaveyouheardofEarthquake•What’sanearthquake?•Earthquake:asuddenshakingoftheearth'ssurfacethatoftencausesalotofdamages(LDOCE)BackgroundInformation:EarthquakeMap=6.56-6.55-64-54anoverallviewSevereearthquakeshappenedinChinaSevereearthquakeshappenedinChinaTheTangshanearthquakeof1976:TangshanPeople'sBank--afour-storeyconcreteandbrickbuilding--collapsedcompletelyduringtheearthquake.TheChengliBridgeinTangshancrumpledduringtheearthquake.therescuerweresavingthechildrenwhohavesufferedfromwenchuanearthquakmanypeoplefromdifferentplacegottogethertoholdamemorialceremonyforthedeadSevereearthquakeshappenedinChinaTheWenchuanearthquakeof2008:evereearthquakeshappenedinChinaTherearemanyverytouchingstoriesinWenchuanearthquake.Searchinnewspapersortheinternetforagoodoneandsharewiththeclassnexttime.Thelittlechildissopitifulthatweallfeltsadyushu,comeon!weareprayingforyouandwewillalwaysbewithyouSevereearthquakeshappenedinChinaTheYushuearthquakeof2010:Whatanimalsshowwhatsignsofearthquakes?Icanpredictearthquakes!Canseismologistsdothat?EarthquakePrecursorTheabnormalbehaviorsofanimals:hens:refusetoentertheircagesatnightdogs:barkalotsnakes:comeoutofthegroundtofreezetodeathgroundwater:changecolor,someflavorbirds:especiallynoise,flyinginunusualpatternsEarthquakeiscomingWarningsignsofearthquake5)birds—noisy—flyunusually1)hens—cages2)snakes—freeze3)dogs—barkalot4)fish—surfaceHundredsofanimalsarefoundthattheirbehaviorwillchangebeforeanearthquake.Tips:Cows,pigs…Dogs…Chickens…Snakes…AnimalbehaviorThewaterinthewellwillriseandfall.Thewellwallswillhavedeepcracksinthem.WaterlevelSeismichazard（地震危害性）•uproottreesandknockoffbuildings•maketheriverschangetheircourses•makethetransportationsystembreakdown•causepowerlinefailures•causelossoflifeandproperty•triggerlandslides,floodingandtsunamis•maycauseinfectivedeseasesWhatshouldwedobeforethecomingofanearthquake?•Ifyouareindoors:1.Drop,coverandholdon.Getunderatableorbench,holdontooneofthelegsandcloseyoureyes.2.Ifthereisnotableorbench,sitagainstawallawayfromthingsthatmayfallonyou,awayfromheavyfurnitures.EarthquakesafetyEarthquakesafety•ifyouareoutside:1.stayousideandmoveawayfrombuildings,trees,lightsandpowerlines.2.crouchdownandcoveryourhead.•waitinyoursafetyspotuntiltheshakingstopsandchecktoseeifyouareinjured.•Theremaybeaftershocks-smallerearthquakesquietsoonafter.Sobepreparedtoreturntoyoursafetyspot.TwoReactionsWrong•Bepanic•Runaimlessly•Fearwithone'seyesopenwide•Tojumpfromabuilding•Totakeanelevator•ToruninbarefeetRight•Keepcalm•Totakeshelterwhereyouare•Togotonarrowroomsforprotection•Toshieldone’seyesfromthefragmentsofbrokenglass•Totakethestairs•Tocutofftheelectricity•TowearaheavyorcomfortablebootsPreparationsforEarthquakeKeepinplaceemergency/survivalsuppliessuchaswater,atorch,aradioreceiver,first-aidsuppliesandextrabatteries.PreparationsforEarthquakeRegularcheckandreinforcebuilding.(SteeljointKeepinplaceemergency/survivalsuppliessuchaswater,atorch,aradioreceiver,first-aidsuppliesandextrabatteries.Keepafireextinguisherhandy.Makeplansincaseofemergency.1.WorktoimprovebuildingstructuresMostofthepeoplediedinearthquakesarekilledbyfallingbuildings.Mostofthepeoplediedinearthquakesarekilledbyfallingbuildings.Checktheconditionsofthehousewhereyoulive●anI-joint:can’tmovewithoutbreaking●thebuilding’scolumnsandhorizontalbeamsareofequalstrength,andverticalsupportcolumnsareinserteddeepintosolidsoil.●lightroofsandstrongwalls.2.Prepareyourhouse●regularlycheckandreinforceyourhomes●placeheavyobjectsinlowpositions●attachcupboardsandcabinetstowalls●fastendoorssothattheywillnotopenaccidentallyduringanearthquake.●putsomethingdangerousintherightplace●keepiteasytogooutsideallthetime●whetherthereisatallbuildingnearyourhousethatiseasytofalldowninearthquakes.3.PrepareyourselfThemostimportant:youshouldstoreseveralgallonsofwaterandoneweek’sfoodperpersonBesides:PrepareafamilyearthquakeKit:includingaradioreceiver,atorch,extrabatteries,firstaidsupplies,aspade,atent,somerope,andwarmclothingExpertsuggest:●keepafireextinguisherhandy,andmakesurethatyoucanuseit.●arrangeanauxiliarycookingandheatingsourcethatcanbeusedoutside●keepapairofheavy,comfortableshoesorbootsinyourhome,atwork,andinyourvehicle●takeearthquakedrillregularly●familyshouldmakeearthquakeemergencyplans:agreeonameetingpointoutsideofthearea.Arrangeawaytocommunicateifthereisanearthquake.●havetheabilitytoidentifyomensbeforeanearthquake